Anatomy Chapter 13 Flashcards
Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart?
Arteries
How many chambers are found in the human heart?
Four
Which blood vessel type is involved in the exchange of oxygen and nutrients with the tissues of the body?
Capillaries
The chamber responsible for pumping blood to the body’s various organs is the _______________
Left Ventricle
The _______________ side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs.
Right
The _______________ valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Tricuspid
What is the purpose of having valves in the heart? Why are leaks in these valves potentially life threatening?
Prevents backflow of blood that would reduce volumes. Leaks would reduce cardiac output and could cause a backup of blood into the lungs and body tissues.
During ventricular systole, the _________________________ valves are closed.
atrioventricular
Blood returns to the heart from the body via the vena cavae and into the:
right atrium.
The main pacemaker of the heart is the _________________________
SA node
Cardiac valves close due to
pressure.
The contraction phase of the heart is termed _______________, and the relaxation phase is termed _______________.
systole, diastole
The _______________ arteries supply the heart with oxygen and nutrients
coronary
Which cell type does not belong in this group?
Erythrocyte
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Erythrocyte
What substance found in red blood cells is responsible for oxygen transport?
Hemoglobin
Which of the formed elements is responsible for defending against parasites?
Eosinophils
This important plasma protein helps maintain fluid balance in your blood: _______________
albumin
Lymphocytes and monocytes belong to this classification of white blood cells: _______________
mononuclear agranulocytes
An important plasma protein that is important for controlling fluid balance is _______________, while another protein that is needed for blood clotting is
albumin, fibrinogen
Neutrophils destroy invading pathogens by engulfing them in a process called _______________.
phagocytosis
The universal donor blood type is:
O
Blood type AB has _______________ antigens and _______________ antibodies.
A and B; no
A type of unwanted blood clot is a(n):
thrombus.
Blood clotting is dependent on a series of proteins called
clotting factors.
What chemical directly causes the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin?
Thrombin
When antigens stick together or form clumps it is termed _______________.
Agglutination
The vitamin needed for normal clotting is vitamin _______________.
vitamin K
The smallest form of arteries are:
arterioles.
Vasoconstriction controls BP by causing
increased peripheral resistance.
Which of the following is a regulator of BP?
Fluid volume
Cardiac output
Peripheral resistance
All of the above
All of the above
List the three layers commonly found in a blood vessel:
tunica interna, tunica media, tunica externa
The _______________ is the layer of blood vessels that changes the diameter of vessels, controlling peripheral resistance.
tunica media
The term used for the force of a heart contraction is _______________.
inotropism
A _____________ is a cuff used to measure blood pressure in a major artery.
BP cuff
