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Anatomy > Anatomy Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Anatomy Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What chemical, when secreted into the bloodstream, controls the metabolic processes of target cells?

A

Hormone

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2
Q

Steroid hormones are very powerful because they:

A

interact directly with DNA.

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3
Q

Which of the following is true of hormones?

They last a short time.

They are fast-acting.

They affect distant targets.

They leave the body.

A

They affect distant targets.

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4
Q

Which of the following organs is not a primary endocrine organ though it secretes hormones?

Thyroid

Pituitary

Kidney

Adrenal gland

A

Kidney

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5
Q

Why can steroids pass into the cell when other hormones cannot?

A

Lipids can pass through cell membranes.

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6
Q

Short-range hormones that are formed rapidly and act only in the immediate area are:

A

prostaglandins.

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7
Q

Pineal Gland produces?

A

Melatonin

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8
Q

thyroid gland produces?

A

Thyroxine

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9
Q

ovary glands produce?

A

Progesterone

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10
Q

pancreas glands produce?

A

Glucagon

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11
Q

adrenal glands produce?

A

Epinephrine

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12
Q

Which of the following is not typically a way that hormone levels are regulated?

Negative feedback

Control by other endocrine organ

Positive feedback

Direct control by nervous system

A

Positive feedback

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13
Q

The “ideal” value for a body characteristic is called the:

A

set point.

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14
Q

_________________________ feedback enhances a change in body chemistry.

A

Positive

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15
Q

If a hormone is under humoral control, what controls the hormone?

A

Negative feedback

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16
Q

What hormone is involved in childbirth that is an example of positive feedback?

A

Oxytocin

17
Q

Oxytocin:

A

is released from the posterior pituitary

18
Q

The _________________________ is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus, and the _________________________ actually secretes hypothalamic hormones.

A

anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary

19
Q

What gland, under orders from the hypothalamus, releases hormones that control other endocrine glands?

A

Anterior pituitary

20
Q

Which gland does ACTH control?

A

Adrenal

21
Q

Insulin _________________________ blood sugar, whereas glucagon _________________________ blood sugar.

A

lowers; raises

22
Q

Excess secretion of hormones from what gland can cause rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, and anxiety?

A

Thyroid gland

23
Q

What two hormones secreted by the thyroid and parathyroid glands control blood calcium?

A

Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

24
Q

Type One Diabetes

A

autoimmune destruction of pancreas

25
Q

Type Two Diabetes

A

usually develops later in life. Insulin may not be required

Anatomy (13 decks)

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