Anatomy Chapter 12 Flashcards
What chemical, when secreted into the bloodstream, controls the metabolic processes of target cells?
Hormone
Steroid hormones are very powerful because they:
interact directly with DNA.
Which of the following is true of hormones?
They last a short time.
They are fast-acting.
They affect distant targets.
They leave the body.
They affect distant targets.
Which of the following organs is not a primary endocrine organ though it secretes hormones?
Thyroid
Pituitary
Kidney
Adrenal gland
Kidney
Why can steroids pass into the cell when other hormones cannot?
Lipids can pass through cell membranes.
Short-range hormones that are formed rapidly and act only in the immediate area are:
prostaglandins.
Pineal Gland produces?
Melatonin
thyroid gland produces?
Thyroxine
ovary glands produce?
Progesterone
pancreas glands produce?
Glucagon
adrenal glands produce?
Epinephrine
Which of the following is not typically a way that hormone levels are regulated?
Negative feedback
Control by other endocrine organ
Positive feedback
Direct control by nervous system
Positive feedback
The “ideal” value for a body characteristic is called the:
set point.
_________________________ feedback enhances a change in body chemistry.
Positive
If a hormone is under humoral control, what controls the hormone?
Negative feedback
What hormone is involved in childbirth that is an example of positive feedback?
Oxytocin
Oxytocin:
is released from the posterior pituitary
The _________________________ is controlled by hormones from the hypothalamus, and the _________________________ actually secretes hypothalamic hormones.
anterior pituitary; posterior pituitary
What gland, under orders from the hypothalamus, releases hormones that control other endocrine glands?
Anterior pituitary
Which gland does ACTH control?
Adrenal
Insulin _________________________ blood sugar, whereas glucagon _________________________ blood sugar.
lowers; raises
Excess secretion of hormones from what gland can cause rapid heartbeat, high blood pressure, and anxiety?
Thyroid gland
What two hormones secreted by the thyroid and parathyroid glands control blood calcium?
Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone
Type One Diabetes
autoimmune destruction of pancreas
Type Two Diabetes
usually develops later in life. Insulin may not be required
