Anatomy Chapter 3 Flashcards
When two sugar molecules are linked together, it is called a __________.
disaccharide
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are called ________.
biological molecules
If two electrons are shared equally by two atoms, then they have created what type of bond?
Double bond
The series of reactions that converts glucose to energy is called __________.
cellular respiration
What type of lipid is a key molecule in the structure and function of cell membranes?
Phospholipids
Which biological molecules contain the genetic code?
Nucleic acids
What are molecules called that bind to enzymes and are carried through the reaction?
Substrates
What body system regulates the levels of electrolytes in the body?
Urinary system
A chemical substance that can release hydrogen ions is called a(n) __________.
acid
What symptoms may a person have if they are deficient in iodine?
Hypothyroidism
Dehydration is defined as fluid loss of greater than _____ of body weight.
1%
What is the term used for a substance used to dissolve other substances?
Solvent
Which molecule or compound is joined together using an ionic bond?
NaCl
How are elements arranged in the periodic table?
Based on the number of protons in the nucleus
A compound that separates into ions has one positively charged ion and one negatively charged ion. What makes an ion positively charged?
It loses an electron.
What is the process of breaking down complex substances into simpler substances?
Catabolism
In what kind of bond are electrons unequally shared?
Polar covalent
What types of bonds are formed between water molecules?
Hydrogen bonds
What are the components of ATP?
Base, sugar, and three phosphate groups
What is the basic chemical composition of all carbohydrates?
CH2O
What is the term used for a chemical made up of more than one type of element?
Compound
In an atom, which type of particle is negatively charged?
Electron
What is the result of a protein becoming denatured?
It loses its structure and function.
A solution that is alkaline has a pH __________.
greater than 7
The respiratory system is responsible for ridding the body of which excess acid?
Carbon dioxide
A molecule that mixes easily with water is __________.
hydrophilic
What is a fat called if it contains only single covalent bonds?
Saturated fat
Which of the following substances is acidic?
Orange juice
What is the purpose of an enzyme?
To speed up the rate of chemical reactions
What molecule is consumed in a hydrolysis reaction?
water
