Anatomy and Physiology part 6 Flashcards
77-83
Cardiovascular system
Responsible for transportation of nutrients such as oxygen and hormones to tissues and moves waste to parts of the body where they can be eliminated
Heart
The primary organ of the cardiovascular that is responsible for pumping blood through the body
Superior vena cava
Largest vein in the body; Returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from the the head and upper limbs
Inferior vena cava
Largest vein in the body; Returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from the trunk and lower limbs
Pulmonary arteries
Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated and returns back to the heart through the pulmonary veins
Aorta
Sends oxygenated blood through the trunk and lower limbs; Largest artery in the body
Aortic arch
branches off the aorta to send oxygenated blood to the head and upper limbs
Flow of blood in the heart
Vena cava, Right atrium, Tricuspid valve, Right ventricle, Pulmonary arteries, Pulmonary veins, Left atrium, Bicuspid valve, Left ventricale, Aorta, Aortic arch, and back through the Vena cava
Blood vessels
Made mode of transportation of oxygen, nutrience, cells, hormones, and waste products
Arteries
Largest vessles known to carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and tissues
Capillaries
branch off of arterioles where gas exchange takes place between blood vessels and tissues and then return blood to veins through venules
Veins
Blood vessles that carry deoxenageted blood tword the heart
Parts of the digestive system
mouth, Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and small/large intestines
The digestive system responsiblty
brings nutrience into the body, digest food, absorb nutrience into tissues, and eliminate waste products
pharynx
throat
esophagus
long tube after Pharynx that passes through the diaphragm and connects to the stomach
Peristalsis
When smooth muscle rhythmically contracts force food along in the digestive organs
Stomach acids
hydrochloric acid and pepsin
Small intestines
Where majority of absorption of nutrience occures
Accessory organs that aid digestion
Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Liver aid in digestion
produces bile to break down fats in the small intestines
Gallbladder aid in digestion
stores bile to aid break down od substances
Pancreas aid in digestion
Creates pancreatic juice that aids in digestion in protine, lipids, and carbohydrates
Parts of the small intestines
DJ intestines
Duodenum: Last part of the digestive system where food is broken down
Jejunum: Where majority of absorption takes place in the intestines
Ileum: Food absorption
Large intestines
absorption of water and elimination of waste
Mesentery
Extention of the peritoneum that suspends the small and large intestines from the posterior abdominal wall
Mesenteric root
The point of attachment of the mesentery
C-reactive protine
increased by inflamation of the body
Sphincter def and 4 types in digestive system
Ring like- bands of muscles that allow food to enter into the organ or keep food from moving backwards
Esophageal sphincter
Located between the pharynx and esophagus; Allows food to move down
Cardiac sphincter
Located between the esophagus and stomach; Prevents food and stomach acid from asending
Pyloric sphincter
Located between stomach and small intestines; Opens when food is digested
Ileocecal sphincter
Located in the small intestines(ileum) and large(Cecum) intestines; allows food to move down
Endocrine system
Responsible for secreting and monitoring hormones in the body’s cells and tissues
Endocrine glands
Create and secrete hormones directly into the blood
Exocrine glands
Create and secrete things like sweat, saliva, and oil directly onto the surface
Adrenal glands
located on the top of the kidneys and secretes stress hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine; Fight or flight (sympathetic nervous system)
Hypothalamus
Located in the brain and secretes reward center hormones like dopamine; Increases blood pressure and heart rate
Ovaries
Female gonads that secretes estrogen and progesterone; important for female development and bone growth
Pancreatic islets
Part of the Pancrease that create glucon and insulin; Increases/Decreases blood suger
Alpha cells produce
Glucagon
Beta cells produce
Insulin
Pineal gland
Located in the brain and secretes circadian rhythms hormones like melatonin; Regulates the body’s wake/sleep cycle
Pituitary gland
Located in the brain and considered the master gland because of its responsibility to monitor other glands; Secreates Growth hormone- The amount a person grows, Prolactin- stimulates milk production, and Follicle stimiulating hormone- Influences production of female egg cells and male sperm cells
Testes
Considered male gonads and secretes primary male hormone like testosterone; responsible for increasing bone and muscle mass
Thyroid
Located in the neck produces calcitonin decreasing the calcium in the blood stream; Preventing bone weakening and kidney stones
