Anatomy and Physiology part 6

Question 1

Cardiovascular system

Answer 1

Responsible for transportation of nutrients such as oxygen and hormones to tissues and moves waste to parts of the body where they can be eliminated

Question 2

Heart

Answer 2

The primary organ of the cardiovascular that is responsible for pumping blood through the body

Question 3

Superior vena cava

Answer 3

Largest vein in the body; Returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from the the head and upper limbs

Question 4

Inferior vena cava

Answer 4

Largest vein in the body; Returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from the trunk and lower limbs

Question 5

Pulmonary arteries

Answer 5

Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to be oxygenated and returns back to the heart through the pulmonary veins

Question 6

Aorta

Answer 6

Sends oxygenated blood through the trunk and lower limbs; Largest artery in the body

Question 7

Aortic arch

Answer 7

branches off the aorta to send oxygenated blood to the head and upper limbs

Question 8

Flow of blood in the heart

Answer 8

Vena cava, Right atrium, Tricuspid valve, Right ventricle, Pulmonary arteries, Pulmonary veins, Left atrium, Bicuspid valve, Left ventricale, Aorta, Aortic arch, and back through the Vena cava

Question 9

Blood vessels

Answer 9

Made mode of transportation of oxygen, nutrience, cells, hormones, and waste products

Question 10

Arteries

Answer 10

Largest vessles known to carry oxygenated blood away from the heart and tissues

Question 11

Capillaries

Answer 11

branch off of arterioles where gas exchange takes place between blood vessels and tissues and then return blood to veins through venules

Question 11

Veins

Answer 11

Blood vessles that carry deoxenageted blood tword the heart

Question 12

Parts of the digestive system

Answer 12

mouth, Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, and small/large intestines

Question 13

The digestive system responsiblty

Answer 13

brings nutrience into the body, digest food, absorb nutrience into tissues, and eliminate waste products

Question 14

pharynx

Answer 14

throat

Question 15

esophagus

Answer 15

long tube after Pharynx that passes through the diaphragm and connects to the stomach

Question 16

Peristalsis

Answer 16

When smooth muscle rhythmically contracts force food along in the digestive organs

Question 17

Stomach acids

Answer 17

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

Question 18

Small intestines

Answer 18

Where majority of absorption of nutrience occures

Question 19

Accessory organs that aid digestion

Answer 19

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Question 20

Liver aid in digestion

Answer 20

produces bile to break down fats in the small intestines

Question 21

Gallbladder aid in digestion

Answer 21

stores bile to aid break down od substances

Question 22

Pancreas aid in digestion

Answer 22

Creates pancreatic juice that aids in digestion in protine, lipids, and carbohydrates

Question 23

Parts of the small intestines

DJ intestines

Answer 23

Duodenum: Last part of the digestive system where food is broken down

Jejunum: Where majority of absorption takes place in the intestines

Ileum: Food absorption

Question 24

Large intestines

Answer 24

absorption of water and elimination of waste

Question 25

Mesentery

Answer 25

Extention of the peritoneum that suspends the small and large intestines from the posterior abdominal wall

Question 26

Mesenteric root

Answer 26

The point of attachment of the mesentery

Question 27

C-reactive protine

Answer 27

increased by inflamation of the body

Question 28

Sphincter def and 4 types in digestive system

Answer 28

Ring like- bands of muscles that allow food to enter into the organ or keep food from moving backwards

Question 29

Esophageal sphincter

Answer 29

Located between the pharynx and esophagus; Allows food to move down

Question 30

Cardiac sphincter

Answer 30

Located between the esophagus and stomach; Prevents food and stomach acid from asending

Question 31

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 31

Located between stomach and small intestines; Opens when food is digested

Question 32

Ileocecal sphincter

Answer 32

Located in the small intestines(ileum) and large(Cecum) intestines; allows food to move down

Question 33

Endocrine system

Answer 33

Responsible for secreting and monitoring hormones in the body's cells and tissues

Question 34

Endocrine glands

Answer 34

Create and secrete hormones directly into the blood

Question 35

Exocrine glands

Answer 35

Create and secrete things like sweat, saliva, and oil directly onto the surface

Question 36

Adrenal glands

Answer 36

located on the top of the kidneys and secretes stress hormones like epinephrine and norepinephrine; Fight or flight (sympathetic nervous system)

Question 37

Hypothalamus

Answer 37

Located in the brain and secretes reward center hormones like dopamine; Increases blood pressure and heart rate

Question 38

Ovaries

Answer 38

Female gonads that secretes estrogen and progesterone; important for female development and bone growth

Question 39

Pancreatic islets

Answer 39

Part of the Pancrease that create glucon and insulin; Increases/Decreases blood suger

Question 40

Alpha cells produce

Answer 40

Glucagon

Question 41

Beta cells produce

Answer 41

Insulin

Question 42

Pineal gland

Answer 42

Located in the brain and secretes circadian rhythms hormones like melatonin; Regulates the body's wake/sleep cycle

Question 43

Pituitary gland

Answer 43

Located in the brain and considered the master gland because of its responsibility to monitor other glands; Secreates Growth hormone- The amount a person grows, Prolactin- stimulates milk production, and Follicle stimiulating hormone- Influences production of female egg cells and male sperm cells

Question 44

Testes

Answer 44

Considered male gonads and secretes primary male hormone like testosterone; responsible for increasing bone and muscle mass

Question 45

Thyroid

Answer 45

Located in the neck produces calcitonin decreasing the calcium in the blood stream; Preventing bone weakening and kidney stones