Anatomy and Physiology part 4 Flashcards
96-105
Total bones and types
206
Long bones: Longer then they are wide
Short bones: as long as they are wide
Irregular bones: unusual shapes
Flat bones: Flat
Sesamoid bones: Embedded in tendons
Long bone structure
Epiphyses: The end of the long bone; covered in Articlular cartilage to prevent friction between articulations
Metaphyses: after the bone end and before the bone shaft; during childhood there is a type of cartilage called epiphyseal plate/line that resides inside for bone growth
Diaphysis: Shaft of the bone; during childhood inside is the medullary cavity that during childhood which is the site of blood cells formation; then turns to yellow bone marrow
Articulation
Joints
Types of joints (SAD)
Synarthrotic: Little to no movement
Amphiarthrotic: Slightly movable
Diarthrotic: Freely moveable
Hyaline cartilage
Dense connective tissue that helps with absorbing shock and preventing friction
Labrum cartilage
Deepens the joint and provides more strength and stability
Ligaments
Hold bones together
Four suture joints that make up the skull
Connected by ligaments
Sagittal suture: Runs along the top of the head
Coronal suture: top of head ear to ear
Squamous suture: runs behind eyes to behind eats on side of head
Lambdoid suture: round area of back of head
Tendons
hold bone and muscle together
Membrane inside joints and function
Synovial membrane lines the joint capsule and produces synovial fluid to lubracate the joint
Types of synovial joints
Ball and socket joints: Have the most mobility, Allows flextion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction
Hinge joints: Movement on only one plane allowing flexion and extension
Pivot joints: Allows only rotation
Plane/gliding joints: allows Slight movement in any direction
Saddle joints: wide range of movement like up and down and side to side
Ellipsoid/Condyloid joints: Similar to ball and socket joint but not as deep. Allows flextion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction
Axial skeleton
runs along the axis of the body; Skuul, Vertevral column, and Thoracic cage
Appendicular skeleton
Does not run along the axis; Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals, Phalanges, Femur, Tibia, Fibia, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges, Pectoral girdle, and Pelvic girdle
Bones of the skull
12 bones protect the brain
Parietal: Top back
Frontal: forehead
Temporal: side of head
Occipital: bottom back skull
Zygomatic: apple of cheak
Maxilla: Top jaw
Mandible: Bottom jaw
Vomer: bottom of nasal
Ethmoid: Back of eye socket
Lacrimal: inner medial eye socket
Sphenoid: temple divit
Nasal: top of nose
Bones of the Vertebral column
26 bones protect the spinal cord
Cervical: 7 vertebrae
Thoracic: 12 vertebrae
Lumbar: 5 vertebrae
Sacral: 1 vertebrae
Coccygeal: 1 vertebrae
Bones in the chest
12 pairs of bones protect vital organs
True bones: 7 pairs connect directly to the sternum
False ribs: 5 pairs do not connect directly to the sternum
Floating ribs: 2 do not connect and protect kidneys
Bones in the pectoral girdle
4 bones hold upper limbs to the body
Scapulae: 2
Clavicles: 2
Bones in the pelvic girdle
7 bones hold lower limbs to body
Ilium: 2 bones
Ischium: 2 bones
Pubis: 2 bones
Sacrum: 1 bone
Bones of the arm and forearm
Arm: Hummerus
Forearm: Radius and Ulna
Bones in the thigh and legs
Thigh: Femur
Leg: Fibula and tibila
Bones in hands
19 bones EACH! hand
starts from Metacarples-> Proximal phalanges-> Intermediate phalanges->
Distal phalanges.
Metacarpals: 5 bones
Phalanges: 14 bones
Bones in Feet
19 bones EACH! Foot
starts from Metatarsals-> Proximal phalanges-> Intermediate phalanges->
Distal phalanges.
Metatarsals: 5 bones
Phalanges: 14 bones
Bones in wrist
8 bones EACH! wrist ( Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cant Handle)
Proximal Line:
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Distal Line:
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
Bones in ankle
7 bones EACH! foot
Cuneiform 1, Cuneiform 2, Cuneiform 3, Navicular, Cuboid, Talus, and Calcaneus
