Anatomy and Physiology part 3 Flashcards
90-95
Central nervous system
consists of the spinal cord and brain; Responsible for interpretation of sensation and mental activity
Three parts of the brain
Cerebrum: Largest part of the brain split into a right and left hemisphere
Cerebellum: Located at the bottom back of the brain
Brain stem: Connects the brain to the spinal cord
Four parts of the brains lobes and responsibilities
Named where they are found on the bones atop them
Frontal lobe: Processes motivation, agression, and mood)
Temporal lobe: Processes memories, Hearing , and smell
Parietal lobe: Processes sensory information
Occipital lobe: Processes vision
Cerebellum responsibilities
General body movements, coordination, balence, and muscle tone
Three parts of the brain stem and their responsibilities
Midbrain, Pons, and medulla oblongata; Controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, and blood vessel diameter
Meninges
Brain and spinal cord connective tissue
Pia mater
Deepest layer of the meninges; contains cerebrospinal fluid to protect the brain and spinal cord
Arachnoid
Intermediate layer of the meninges that wraps loosely around the brain; protects the brain and spinal cord
Dura mater
Most superficial and strongest layer of the meninges ; thick padding that protects the brain
Peripheral nervous system
Consists of the bodies nerves; Respoonsible for acting as a communication network, relaying sensory information
Cranial nerves
Emerge from the brain, helping regulate the functions of the face and head
Spinal nerves
Emerge from the spine known as plexus, responsible for controlling skeletal muscles
12 pairs of cranial nerves
-Olfactory
-Optic
-Oculomotor
-Trochlear
-Trigeminal
-Abducens
-Facial
-Vestibulocochlear
-Glossopharyngeal
-Vagus
-Accessory
-Hypoglossal
pairs of spinal nerves
31 pairs and Three plexi
Cervical (C1-C4)
Primary nerve: phrenic nerve, responsible for stimulating the diaphram
Brachial (C5-T1)
Primary nerves: Radial, Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Median, Ulnar responsible for controlling the muscles of the upper limbs
Lumbosacral (T12-L5)
Primary nerves: Sciatic, Femoral, Obturator, Tibial, Common peroneal, Deep peroneal, Superficial peroneal responsible for controlling muscles of the lower limbs
Automatic nervous system
Regulates homeostasis in the body
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic respose
Sympathetic response
Fight or flight response releasing norepinephrine that raises the heart rate and blood sugar
Parasympathetic response
Rest and digest response triggers peristalisis and decreases heart rate and blood flow; controlled by the vagus nerve
Reproductive system
Responsible for reproduction/ Creation of offspring
Major structures male reproductive system
Penis, testes, scrotum, and sperm ducts
Produced by testes
Tosterone and Spermatozoa
Epididymis
Tube located atop testies that store sperm
Vas deferens
tube that connects epididymis to the urethra
Major female structures reproductive system
Vagina, overies, Fallopian tubes, uterus, and cervix
Ovaries production
production of oocytes, estrogen, proestrogen
Vagina
Passageway located between the cervix and the opening to the outside of the body
Fallopian tubes
Passage of oocytes from the ovaries to the uterus
Uterus
Responsible for developmetnt of a fetus
Cervix
Passage that connects vagina to uterus
Major structer and function of respiratory system
Lungs; to bring oxygen into the body and eliminate waste like carbon dioxide
Conduction of air and is filtered and warmed by hair and mucous
Nose
Air passes through to produce sound
Larynx
Blocks food from entering the elarynx; Prevents choking
Epiglottis
Primary passage for air to enter the lungs
Trachea
Air enters the lungs through/ secrete mucuse to prevent debris entering the lungs
Bronchial tubes
Where gas exchange takes place in the bronchioles
Alveoli
Brings air in and out of the lungs when contractions take place
diaphragm
