Anatomy and Physiology part 3 Flashcards

90-95

1
Q

Central nervous system

A

consists of the spinal cord and brain; Responsible for interpretation of sensation and mental activity

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2
Q

Three parts of the brain

A

Cerebrum: Largest part of the brain split into a right and left hemisphere

Cerebellum: Located at the bottom back of the brain

Brain stem: Connects the brain to the spinal cord

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3
Q

Four parts of the brains lobes and responsibilities

A

Named where they are found on the bones atop them

Frontal lobe: Processes motivation, agression, and mood)

Temporal lobe: Processes memories, Hearing , and smell

Parietal lobe: Processes sensory information

Occipital lobe: Processes vision

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4
Q

Cerebellum responsibilities

A

General body movements, coordination, balence, and muscle tone

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5
Q

Three parts of the brain stem and their responsibilities

A

Midbrain, Pons, and medulla oblongata; Controls vital functions like breathing, heart rate, coughing, sneezing, vomiting, and blood vessel diameter

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6
Q

Meninges

A

Brain and spinal cord connective tissue

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7
Q

Pia mater

A

Deepest layer of the meninges; contains cerebrospinal fluid to protect the brain and spinal cord

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8
Q

Arachnoid

A

Intermediate layer of the meninges that wraps loosely around the brain; protects the brain and spinal cord

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9
Q

Dura mater

A

Most superficial and strongest layer of the meninges ; thick padding that protects the brain

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10
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Consists of the bodies nerves; Respoonsible for acting as a communication network, relaying sensory information

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11
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Emerge from the brain, helping regulate the functions of the face and head

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12
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Emerge from the spine known as plexus, responsible for controlling skeletal muscles

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13
Q

12 pairs of cranial nerves

A

-Olfactory
-Optic
-Oculomotor
-Trochlear
-Trigeminal
-Abducens
-Facial
-Vestibulocochlear
-Glossopharyngeal
-Vagus
-Accessory
-Hypoglossal

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14
Q

pairs of spinal nerves

A

31 pairs and Three plexi

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15
Q

Cervical (C1-C4)

A

Primary nerve: phrenic nerve, responsible for stimulating the diaphram

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16
Q

Brachial (C5-T1)

A

Primary nerves: Radial, Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Median, Ulnar responsible for controlling the muscles of the upper limbs

17
Q

Lumbosacral (T12-L5)

A

Primary nerves: Sciatic, Femoral, Obturator, Tibial, Common peroneal, Deep peroneal, Superficial peroneal responsible for controlling muscles of the lower limbs

18
Q

Automatic nervous system

A

Regulates homeostasis in the body
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic respose

19
Q

Sympathetic response

A

Fight or flight response releasing norepinephrine that raises the heart rate and blood sugar

20
Q

Parasympathetic response

A

Rest and digest response triggers peristalisis and decreases heart rate and blood flow; controlled by the vagus nerve

21
Q

Reproductive system

A

Responsible for reproduction/ Creation of offspring

22
Q

Major structures male reproductive system

A

Penis, testes, scrotum, and sperm ducts

23
Q

Produced by testes

A

Tosterone and Spermatozoa

24
Q

Epididymis

A

Tube located atop testies that store sperm

25
Vas deferens
tube that connects epididymis to the urethra
26
Major female structures reproductive system
Vagina, overies, Fallopian tubes, uterus, and cervix
27
Ovaries production
production of oocytes, estrogen, proestrogen
28
Vagina
Passageway located between the cervix and the opening to the outside of the body
29
Fallopian tubes
Passage of oocytes from the ovaries to the uterus
30
Uterus
Responsible for developmetnt of a fetus
31
Cervix
Passage that connects vagina to uterus
32
Major structer and function of respiratory system
Lungs; to bring oxygen into the body and eliminate waste like carbon dioxide
33
Conduction of air and is filtered and warmed by hair and mucous
Nose
34
Air passes through to produce sound
Larynx
35
Blocks food from entering the elarynx; Prevents choking
Epiglottis
36
Primary passage for air to enter the lungs
Trachea
37
Air enters the lungs through/ secrete mucuse to prevent debris entering the lungs
Bronchial tubes
38
Where gas exchange takes place in the bronchioles
Alveoli
39
Brings air in and out of the lungs when contractions take place
diaphragm