Anatomy and physiology- Nervous system Flashcards
what are the components of the CNS (Central nervous system)
Brain
Cerebellum
Spinal cord
What are the components of the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)
Cranial nerves
Peripheral nerves
Nerve plexi
Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic and parasympathetic
what is the CNS?
The Central Nervous System (CNS): This is made up of the brain and spinal cord. Nerve fibres branching out into the rest of the body from the CNS form the peripheral nervous system.
what is the PNS?
The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): The peripheral nerves constantly send information to and from the CNS. Some nerves in the PNS form into groups to keep important areas under fine control
what are the three main divisions of the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)?
autonomic, sensory and motor.
Define autonomic in terms of the PNS
involuntary actions. Two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic.
Define Sensory in terms of the PNS
Sensory - transmit information from around the body to the CNS.
Define Motor in terms of the PNS
Motor - carry signals from the brain to voluntary skeletal muscles.
What is a neuron/nerve cell?
The basic unit of the nervous system is a special cell called a neuron or nerve cell. It has a cell body with a nucleus and projections called axons and dendrites.
What is the function of Axons?
Axons carry nerve impulses
What is the function of dendrites?
Dendrites receive impulses
what is The myelin sheath?
The myelin sheath (think of insulation on an electrical wire) has a number of functions including protecting the nerves from other electrical impulses, and speeding the time it takes for a signal to travel down the axon.
what are Effectors?
The peripheral tissue at the end of the neural pathway.
what are the 3 different types of neurons?
Motor neurons
Sensory neurons
Interneurons
what is the function of motor neurons?
Motor neurons transmit messages from the brain to the muscles to generate movement
What is the function of sensory neurons
Sensory neurons detect light, sound, odour, taste, pressure, and heat and send messages about those things to the brain.
What is the function of interneurons?
Interneurons - carry information between two neurons (sensory and motor neurons)
neurons communicate with one another at junctions what are these called
synapses
What is the brain stem?
The brain stem = is the lowest section of the brain which connects it to the spinal cord
What is the brain stem?
The brain stem = is the lowest section of the brain which connects it to the spinal cord
what are the three main parts of the brain?
- The brain stem = is the lowest section of the brain which connects it to the spinal cord.
- The cerebellum = is at the back of the brain stem and is linked to it by nerve tracts.
- The cerebrum = it is the largest part of the brain.
where is the cerebellum
The cerebellum = is at the back of the brain stem and is linked to it by nerve tracts.
what is the cerebrum?
The cerebrum = it is the largest part of the brain.
What are the two parts of the cerebrum?
the cerebral cortex and the cerebral hemispheres