anatomy and physiology Flashcards
physiology
the study of functions or activities performed by body structures
anabolism
is the process of simple molecules combining to form a complex molecule. Anabolism requires energy.
catabolism
the process of breaking complex molecules down to simple molecules. catabolism releases energy.
excretory
eliminates waste form the body, reducing the buildup of toxins
osteology
study of bones
joint
the connection between two or more bones
ex of movable joints
joints in the elbows, knees, and hips; allow movement
immovable
joints in the pelvis and skull; allow little or no movement (exceptions to this include during childbirth, when special hormones allow for flexibility of the pelvic joints)
occipital bone
located below the parietal bones forming the back of the skull above the nape
temporal bones
two bones forming the sides of the head in the ear region
Parietal bones
Two bones forming the Sides and top of the cranium
Frontal bone
Forms the forehead
Sphenoid bone
Form sbases and side of skull
Ethmoid bone
Separate nasal cavity from brain
Zygomatic bones
Cheak bones and forms outer part of the eye socket
Lacrimal bones
Iner part of the eye socket next to the nose
Nasel bone
Two bones that form the bridge of the nose
Maxillae bones
Two bones that form the upper jaw
Mandible
Strongest And largest bone in the face forms the lower jaw
Cervical vertebrate
Seven bones located below the skull Provide support structure and flexibility to the neck
Hyoid bone
You shaped bone at the base of the tongue That supports it and it’s muscles and is the only bone in the throat
scapula
shoulder blade
clavicle
collarbone
myology
is the study of the structure, functions, and diseases of the muscular system.
how many bones are there
206
how many muscles are I n the body
650
cardiac muscle
is a type of striated muscle found only in the heart
involuntary muscles
(nonstriated) are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and control body functions such as breathing and digestion.
voluntary muscles
(striated) are muscles that we control at will.
platysma
lowers jaw and lip
frontalis
epicranius- raises the eyebrows draws the scalp forward and causes wrinkles the forehead
epicranius
broad muscle that covers the top of the skull
epicranial aponeurosis
tendon that connects the occipital and frontal muscles
occipitalis
back portion of the epicranius. draws scalp backwards
sternocledomastoideus
neck muscle that lowers and rotates the head
corrugator
small muscle located between the eyebrows below the frontalis draws the eyebrows down and wrinkles the forehead vertically
temporalis
located near the temples it opens and close the jaw
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
involuntary
central nervous system (CNS)
voluntary muscles
peripheral nervous system (PNS)
motor nerves sends signals
sensor nerves
also known as afferent nerves, they carry messages from the sense organs (heat, cold, sight, sound, smell, taste) to the brain and spinal cord.
motor nerves
also known as efferent nerves, they carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands. These transmitted impulses produce movement.
arteries
Carry’s oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles
aorta
largest artery
arterioles
small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries
capillaries
tiny blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the venules
venules
small Venus that connect capillaries to larger Veins
veins
thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries and carry blood containing waste product to the heart and lungs for cleaning
external carotid artery
supplies blood to parts of the scalp ears face and neck
common carotid artery
on both sides of the neck that supplies blood to the head face and neck
internal carotid artery
supplies blood to the brain eyes eyelids forehead nose and internal ear
