Anatomy 9 - Resp. System Flashcards
What are the parts of the upper respiratory tract? (4)
Right and left nasal cavities
Oral cavity
Pharynx
Larynx
What are the parts of the lower respiratory tract (the respiratory tree”? (6)
Trachea Right and left main bronchus Lobar bronchi Segmental bronchi Bronchioles Alveoli
At what level does the larynx become the trachea and the pharynx become the oesophagus? e.g. the upper resp. tract becomes the lower resp. tract
C6 vertebrae
What are the 3 parts of the pharynx?
The nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Hypopharynx (laryngopharnx)
How many lobes does the right lung have?Names?
3
Upper
middle
Lower
How many lobes does the left lung have?Names?
2
Upper
Lower
How many segmental bronchi does each lung have?
10 (for each bronchopulmonary segment)
What are the names of the deep fissures that separate the lung lobes from each other?
Fissures
What does each lung lobe and each bronchopulmonary segment have its own supply of?
Air supply
Blood supply
Lymphatic drainage
Nerve supply
What type of epithelium lines the bronchial tree (except for the distal bronchioles and alveoli)?What are 2 of the prominent features of this epithelium?
Respiratory epithelium
Mucous glands (which secrete mucous onto the epithelial surface)
Cilia (beat to sweep the mucous (plus an foreign bodies) superiorly towards the pharynx where it is swallowed (“mucociliary escalator”)
What 2 things interfere with the normal beating of the cilia?
Cooling/drying of the mucosa
Toxins in cigarette smoke
What supports the walls of the trachea and all the bronchi?
Hyaline cartilage (posterior aspect of trachea does not have cartilage)
What happens to the amount of cartilage maintaining the potency of the airways as you move distally?
Gradually reduces until you get to the walls of the more distal bronchioles and alveoli which do not contain any cartilage
What happens to the amount of smooth muscle in the walls of the airways as you move distally through the respiratory tree?
Become more prominent (most prominent feature of the walls of the bronchioles - allows them to constrict and dilate)
Why does alveoli ave neither cartilage or smooth muscle in their walls?
As this would impact on diffusion