Anatomy 6 - CV System Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the systemic circulation travel?

A

From the left side of the heart to the capillary beds of organs and tissues and back to the right side of the heart

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2
Q

Where does the pulmonary circulation travel?

A

From the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart

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3
Q

In what part of the thoracic cavity is the heart located?What is this?

A

Mediastinum

The area between the lungs

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4
Q

What are the divisions of the mediastinum?

A

Superior and inferiorInferior divided into anterior, middle, posterior

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5
Q

In what part of the mediastinum is the pericardium located?

A

Middle mediastinum

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6
Q

What are the 2 layers of the pericardium?

A

Outer fibrous pericardiumInner serous pericardium (divided into visceral serous pericardium and parietal serous pericardium)

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7
Q

What are the 2 purposes of the fibrous pericardium?

A

To prevent overfilling

Protects us from penetrating injuries

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8
Q

How does a cardiac tamponade develop?

A

if the pericardial cavity fills with blood (haemopericardium) the increased pressurebcan prevent cardiac contraction

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9
Q

What does the serous pericardium secrete?

A

Serous fluid (lubrication = frictionless surface for the heart to expand)

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10
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?What is each made up of?

A
External = epicardium (visceral serous pericardium)
Middle = myocardium (muscle layer)
Internal = endocardium (internal lining - continuous with endothelium of blood vessels connecting with the heart)
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11
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the heart?

A

anterior
Posterior (base of the heart - formed from both atria)
Inferior surface of heart (diaphragmatic surface)

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12
Q

What forms the right border of the heart?

A

Right atrium

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13
Q

What forms the left (lateral) border of the heart

A

Left ventricles

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14
Q

What branches off of the pulmonary trunk?

A

The pulmonary arteries (right pulmonary artery, left pulmonary artery)

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15
Q

Valve between right atrium and right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid valve

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16
Q

Valve between left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

17
Q

Valve between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk?

A

Pulmonary valve

18
Q

Valve between left ventricle and aorta?

A

Aortic valve

19
Q

What is the crux of the heart?

A

The junction between all 4 chambers

20
Q

What does the fibrous cardiac skeleton do?

A

Helps toehold valves open and acts as an electrical insulator

21
Q

What does the fibrous skeleton consist of?

A

4 rings and a small part which runs down the septum

22
Q

What ensures that there is only 1 point of electrical conduction between the atrial and ventricular myocardium?

A

The fibrous skeleton

23
Q

What is fibrillation?

A

Uncoordinated contraction of myocytes resulting in inefficient pumping that can be fatal if affecting the ventricles

24
Q

What are 2 external factors that affect the heart?

A

Nerves Hormones

25
Q

What type of nerves affect the heart?

A
Sensory (pain) nerves
Motor nerves (supply the nodes and myocytes)