Anatomy 15 - Renal Flashcards
7 essential functions of the kidneys?
Blood pH control H2O balanceElectrolyte balanceBlood pressure controlMetabolism of waste products and drugsStimulates RBC production (due to hormone produced by kidney)Required for absorption of calcium from the GI tract
What are the 4 parts of the urinary tract?
KidneyUreterBladderUrethra
What epithelium are the tubes from the ureter to upper urethra lined with? Other name?
Transitional epithelium (also known as urothelium)
What epithelium covers the distal urethra?
Protective stratified squamous mucosa
What are the parts of the upper urinary tract?
the kidneysThe ureters
Lower urinary tract?
BladderUrethra
What 3 bodies regions is the urinary tract located in?
AbdomenPelvisPerineum
What ribs protect the kidneys?
11 and 12
What type of fat protects the kidneys? (2)
Paranephric fatPerenephric fat
What kidney lies higher?Why?
LeftLiver pushes down right kidney
What is the tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney called?
The renal capsule
Why does the kidneys move with respiration?
The liver and spleen lie in contact with diaphragm superiorly and the superior poles of the kidneys inferiorly
What vertebrae levels does the right and left kidneys lie alongside?
Right = L1-L3Left = T12 - L2
What are the 3 structures present in the renal hilum?
Right renal arteryRight renal veinRight ureter
What is more deep, the paranephric fat or perinephric fat?
Perinephric fat (separated from the paranephric fat by the renal (deep) fascia
What provides arterial blood supply to the kidneys?
Renal arteries (branch bilaterally from the aorta)
What provides arterial blood to the ureters?
Multiples arterial branches from the renal arteries, gonadal arteries and aorta
What is the venous drainage from the kidneys?
Right and left renal vein which drain to the IVC
Where does the left gonadal vein drain?Where does the right gonadal vein drain?
Left trains into the left renal veinRight drains into the IVC directly
How many segments does each kidney have?
5
What provides a blood supply to each of the 5 segments of the kidney?
The 5 segmental branches which arise from each renal artery
What is the basic structural and functional units of the kidney?
Nephrons