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ENT SM > Anatomy 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the anterior boundary of the oral cavity

A

Upper and lower teeth

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2
Q

What is the inferior boundary of the oral cavity

A

Floor of mouth / tongue

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3
Q

What is the superior boundary of the oral cavity

A

Hard palate and soft palate

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4
Q

What is the posterior boundary of the oral cavity

A

Oropharynx

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5
Q

What is the floor of the mouth

A

Underneath the tongue

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6
Q

What is the vein(s) that runs in the floor of the mouth called

A

Lingual vein

Right and left

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7
Q

What is the function of the lingual vein

A

For delivering drugs sublingually e.g. GTN spray

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8
Q

What happens if a patient has a tongue tie

A

The frenulum is too short and therefore binds the tongue to the gingivae of the lower incisor teeth

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9
Q

What are salivary glands

A

Accessory organs of the GI tract

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10
Q

What are the names of the major salivary glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

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11
Q

Where is the parotid gland situated

A

On the master muscle in front of the ear

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12
Q

Where is the submandibular gland located

A

Just under the mandible

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13
Q

Where is the sublingual gland located

A

Deep underneath the tongue

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14
Q

How much saliva do the major salivary glands produce

A

90% of daily total of 500-750 ml

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15
Q

Where are the minor salivary glands located

A

oral mucosa
lips
cheeks
palate

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16
Q

What is the function of the minor salivary glands

A

Keep the mouth moist

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17
Q

Describe the course of the parotid duct

A

It runs over the masseter (superficial) and then turns at a nearly right angle and pierces medially through the buccinator muscle around the upper 2nd molar

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18
Q

Describe the submandibular duct

A

It runs on the posterior aspect of the mandible
It has superficial and deep parts
The deep part is underneath the mandible
In the floor of the mouth

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19
Q

What major salivary duct is palpable

A

Submandibular gland

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20
Q

What is the muscle of the floor of the mouth

A

Mylohyoid

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21
Q

what does the chorda tympani connect to

A

The lingual nerve branch of CN V3

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22
Q

What nerve supplies the muscles of facial expression

A

CN VII

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23
Q

What nerve supplies the submandibular salivary gland

A

CN VII parasympathetic axons

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24
Q

What is strange about the nerve innervation to the parotid

A

The facial nerve passes right through it but does not supply it
CN IX supplies it

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25
Q

Describe the course of CN IX

A

It comes out of the jugular foramen and gives off a branch that goes towards thematic ganglion which hangs off of CN V3

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26
Q

What happens at the otic ganglion

A

There is a synapse and theres is another branch of V3 (auriculotemporal) which heads back along towards the ear

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27
Q

What is the tongue made from?

What is the tongue covered with

A 
Skeletal muscle (voluntary action)
Lingual mucosa
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28
Q

Describe the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue including location and nerve supply

A

Horizontal
in the oral cavity
general sensory = CN V3
Special sensory = CN VII

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29
Q

Describe the posterior 1/3r of the tongue

A

Vertical
Not in oral cavity
General and sensory supply = CNIX

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30
Q

What is the foramen caecum and where is it found

A

Origin of the thyroid gland

At the apex of the terminal groove

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31
Q

Where is the dividing line for the anterior and posterior sections of the tongue

A

The terminal groove or sulcus

Foramen caecum lies here

32
Q

Describe the movement of thyroid swellings on swallowing. Why do they do this

A

Superiorly then inferiorly

Due to their attachment to the larynx

33
Q

Where would a thyroglossal duct cyst or ectopic thyroid tissue be found

A

Int he midline migratory path

I.e. down the foramen caecum

34
Q

Tongue muscles are all intrinsic. True or false

A

False there are both intrinsic and extrinsic - i.e. an attachment of each one is not on the tongue

35
Q

What is the function of the tongue muscles

A

They suspend the tongue and hold it in place

Also allow us to change the position of the tongue during mastication, swallowing and speech

36
Q

Name the extrinsic tongue muscles

A

Palatoglossus
Styloglossus
Hyoglossus
Genioglossus

37
Q

Where are the 4 pairs of skeletal intrinsic muscles of the tongue located

A

Located mainly dorsally / posteriorly

38
Q

What is the main function of the skeletal intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

To modify the shape of the tongue during function

39
Q

What nerve supplies the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

The hypoglossal nerve apart from the palatoglossus which is supplied by vagus

40
Q

What are all of the palate muscles supplied by

A

Vagus

41
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the cranium fossa

A

The hypoglossal canal in the posterior cranial fossa

42
Q

How can we clinically test the function of CNXII

A

Ask the patient to stick their tongue out

43
Q

What would happen if there was unilateral damage to CNXII

A

The tip of the tongue will point towards the side of the injured nerve

44
Q

How is blood supplied to the tongue

A

Via a loop of the lingual artery

45
Q

How does the hypoglossal nerve pass into the tongue

A

Anteriorly through the neck lateral to the loop of the lingual artery

46
Q

What is the Vermillion border

A

A really faint white line that usually runs between the mucous membrane covering the lips and the actual skin

47
Q

Why is the Vermillion border important

A

It gives your lips shape

48
Q

What is located in the space between the arches of the soft palate

A

Palatine tonsil

49
Q

What bones make up the hard palate

A

The maxillary bones
Palatine bones
Median suture

50
Q

What is the function of the palatine foramina

A

For nerves (branches of CNV2) and vessels

51
Q

What is the mucosa on the hard palate classified as

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

52
Q

What makes up the soft palate

A

Muscle
No bone
Really thick aponeurosis

53
Q

What are the 5 pairs of muscles of the soft palate called

A

Levator veli palatini
Tensor veli palatini
palatoglossus
palatopharyngeus

54
Q

What nerve supplies the skeletal muscles of the soft palate

A

All by Vagus nerve except tensor veil palatini

55
Q

What muscle of the soft palate is longitudinal

A

Palatopharyngeus

56
Q

What are the functions of the soft palate

A

Stops food entering the nose during swallowing
Directs air into the nose or the mouth during speech, sneezing, coughing and vomiting
Helps to close off the entrance into the oropharynx during the gag reflex

57
Q

How can we test the function of CNX and CN V3 clinically

A

Ask the patient to say aahh

58
Q

What is an indication that nerves CNX and CNV3 are working normally

A

The uvula should lift straight up in the midline

59
Q

What is an indication that there is a unilateral nerve pathology of CNX and CNV3

A

The uvula will be pulled away from the non-functioning side by the normal side

60
Q

Describe how the muscles around the pharynx are arranged

A

The external layer overlap each other like cups getting stacked together

61
Q

What nerve innervates the muscles of the pharynx

A

Vagus

62
Q

Where do all of the muscles of the pharynx insert

A

Onto the middling earth

63
Q

How do the muscles of the pharynx contract

A

Sequentially

64
Q

Where does the stylopharyngess muscle come from

A

The styloid process

65
Q

Where is the origin of the salpingopharyngeus muscle

A

cartilage of pharyngotympanic tube

66
Q

Where do all o the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx insert

A

onto the posterior border of the thyroid cartilage

67
Q

What is the function of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

To elevate the pharynx and larynx

68
Q

Through what structure can you access the larynx

A

The laryngeal inlet

69
Q

Where is the lingual tonsil located

A

In the mucosa of the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue

70
Q

What structures make up Waldeyer’s (defensive) ring of lymphoid tissue

A

Pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
Tubal tonsils
Palatine tonsils
Lingual tonsil

71
Q

What is meant by the regional lymph nodes

A

The group of lymph nodes that FIRST receive the lymph that has drained from a given structure

72
Q

Where does the palatine tonsil drain to

A

The jugulo-digastric node that drains the palatine tonsil

73
Q

What are the regional lymph nodes for the tip of the tongue

A

Submental nodes

74
Q

Where are the deep cervical nodes located

A

In the carotid sheath

75
Q

Describe how lymph nodes are in infection

A 
swollen 
painful
soft
smooth
not fixed to adjacent structures
improve rapidly with antibiotics
76
Q

Describe how lymph nodes are in cancer

A 
Swollen 
not painful
hard 
irregular 
fixed 
do not improve

ENT SM (19 decks)

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