Anatomy

Question 0

Structures making up thoracic outlet

Answer 0

• T12
• rib 11+ 12
• xiphisternum

Question 1

Structures making up thoracic inlet

Answer 1

• T1
• rib 1
• manubrium

Question 2

Locating of transverse pericardial sinus

Answer 2

Behind roots of aorta and pulm trunk

In front of sup vena cava and left auricle

Question 3

Location of oblique pericardial sinus

Answer 3

Behind the heart

Question 4

Function of coronary sinus

Answer 4

Receives venous drainage from the heart and empties into the RA

Question 5

At what level do the right subclavian and internal jugular arteries fuse to form the brachiocephalic?

Answer 5

Level of sternoclavicular joint

Question 6

Boundaries of pelvic outlet

Answer 6

• coccyx
• ischial tuberosities
• inf pubic rami
• pubic symphysis

Question 7

Differences between male pelvises and female pelvises

Answer 7

• larger thicker bones
• margins of ischiopubic rami are roughened and exerted
• acetabulum larger
• sub pubic angle less than 70
• distance between ischial spines shorter
• ischial spine curved medially
• greater sciatic foramen narrower
• obturator foramen less triangle in shape

Question 8

Boundaries of ischioanal fossa

Answer 8

• levator ani form roof and medial wall
• obturator internus muscle and fascia forms lateral wall
• skin over buttocks forms base

Question 9

Venous drainage of haemorrhoids

Answer 9

• systemic and portal venous drainage and anastomoses between them

Question 10

Why does urination not occur during sexual intercourse

Answer 10

Sympathetic nervous system causes relaxation of the bladder and contraction of the internal urethral sphincter, at the same time as causing emission of semen

Question 11

Structures palates on rectal examination

Answer 11

• anus
• rectum
• prostate
• seminal vesicles
• sacrum

Question 12

How chest expansion can be obtained during respiratory distress

Answer 12

• use accessory muscles (pec minor, scalene, sternocleidomastoid)

Question 13

Nerve supply to internal urethral sphincter

Answer 13

Autonomic

Question 14

Nerve supply for external urethral sphincter

Answer 14

Pudendal/ somatic

Question 15

Why patients with COPD have easily palpable livers

Answer 15

COPD assoc with hyperinflation that causes diaphragm to flatten
- pushes liver inferiorly

Question 16

Why palpating liver causes raised JVP

Answer 16

• pressure on liver forces blood into hepatic veins, IVC and into right atrium
• pressure transmitted up SVC and internal jugular vein

Question 17

Why is Cavour medusae seen in patients with cirrhosis

Answer 17

• umbilicus is site of portosystemic anastomoses
• increased pressure in portal system causes blood to seek other route to heart
• distended veins of the anastomoses

Question 18

Bony landmark next to which gall bladder palates

Answer 18

Right 9th costochondral junction

Question 19

Structures that enter or leave the liver at the porta hepatis

Answer 19

• hepatic arteries
• hepatic ducts
• portal vein
• lymphatic vessels
• autonomic nerves

Question 20

To which bony structure are the corpora cavernosa attached?

Answer 20

• ischiopubic rami

Question 21

Blood supply of prostate

Answer 21

• arterial from internal iliac - inferior vesical arteries

- venius via prostatic venous plexus to internal iliac veins