Anatomy Flashcards
Structures making up thoracic outlet
- T12
- rib 11+ 12
- xiphisternum
Structures making up thoracic inlet
- T1
- rib 1
- manubrium
Locating of transverse pericardial sinus
Behind roots of aorta and pulm trunk
In front of sup vena cava and left auricle
Location of oblique pericardial sinus
Behind the heart
Function of coronary sinus
Receives venous drainage from the heart and empties into the RA
At what level do the right subclavian and internal jugular arteries fuse to form the brachiocephalic?
Level of sternoclavicular joint
Boundaries of pelvic outlet
- coccyx
- ischial tuberosities
- inf pubic rami
- pubic symphysis
Differences between male pelvises and female pelvises
- larger thicker bones
- margins of ischiopubic rami are roughened and exerted
- acetabulum larger
- sub pubic angle less than 70
- distance between ischial spines shorter
- ischial spine curved medially
- greater sciatic foramen narrower
- obturator foramen less triangle in shape
Boundaries of ischioanal fossa
- levator ani form roof and medial wall
- obturator internus muscle and fascia forms lateral wall
- skin over buttocks forms base
Venous drainage of haemorrhoids
- systemic and portal venous drainage and anastomoses between them
Why does urination not occur during sexual intercourse
Sympathetic nervous system causes relaxation of the bladder and contraction of the internal urethral sphincter, at the same time as causing emission of semen
Structures palates on rectal examination
- anus
- rectum
- prostate
- seminal vesicles
- sacrum
How chest expansion can be obtained during respiratory distress
- use accessory muscles (pec minor, scalene, sternocleidomastoid)
Nerve supply to internal urethral sphincter
Autonomic
Nerve supply for external urethral sphincter
Pudendal/ somatic
Why patients with COPD have easily palpable livers
COPD assoc with hyperinflation that causes diaphragm to flatten
- pushes liver inferiorly
Why palpating liver causes raised JVP
- pressure on liver forces blood into hepatic veins, IVC and into right atrium
- pressure transmitted up SVC and internal jugular vein
Why is Cavour medusae seen in patients with cirrhosis
- umbilicus is site of portosystemic anastomoses
- increased pressure in portal system causes blood to seek other route to heart
- distended veins of the anastomoses
Bony landmark next to which gall bladder palates
Right 9th costochondral junction
Structures that enter or leave the liver at the porta hepatis
- hepatic arteries
- hepatic ducts
- portal vein
- lymphatic vessels
- autonomic nerves
To which bony structure are the corpora cavernosa attached?
- ischiopubic rami
Blood supply of prostate
- arterial from internal iliac - inferior vesical arteries
- venius via prostatic venous plexus to internal iliac veins
