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CNS Anatomy > Anatomy 12 > Flashcards

Anatomy 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 lines of the brain?

A

1) The central sulcus
2) Posterior ramus of lateral
fissure
3) Imaginary line between
Parieto-occipital fissure &
Preoccipital notch
4) Imaginary line connecting
the posterior ramus of lateral fissure to the previous line

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2
Q

Each hemisphere is divided

into 4 lobes:

A

1) Frontal lobe.
2) Parietal lobe.
3) Temporal lobe.
4) Occipital lobe.

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3
Q

What does the cerebral hemisphere consist of?

A

1) Outer grey matter (cerebral cortex)
2) white matter
3) Basal nuclei (inner grey matter)
4) Lateral ventricle

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4
Q

What are the functions of the cerebral cortex?

A

1) Sensation
2) Voluntary movement
3) Self-awareness
4) Communication
5) Recognition

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5
Q

How much brain mass does the cerebral cortex take up? How thick is it?

A

40%; 2-3mm

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6
Q

What are the 6 layers of the cerebral cortex?

A

1) Layer 1 (Molecular)
2) Layer 2 (External granular)
3) Layer 3 (External pyramidal)
4) Layer 4 (Internal granular)
5) Layer 5 (Internal pyramidal)
6) Multiform

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7
Q

What are the components of layer 1 (Molecular)?

A

Axons & Dendrites (Cell processes)

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8
Q

What are the components of layer 2 (External granular)?

A

1) Densely packed Stellate cells

2) Small pyramidal cells

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9
Q

What are the components of layer 3 (External pyramidal)?

A

1) Loosely packed Stellate cells

2) Medium pyramidal cells

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10
Q

What are the components of layer 4 (Internal granular)?

A

Densely packed Stellate cells ONLY

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11
Q

What are the components of layer 5 (Internal pyramidal)?

A

Large pyramidal cells ONLY- Giant pyramidal cells of Betz + (few stellate cells)

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12
Q

What are the components of layer 6 (Multiform)?

A

1) Multiple sized pyramidal cells

2) Loosely packed stellate cells

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13
Q

Each hemisphere has 3

surfaces:

A

1) Superolateral surface
2) Medial surface
3) Inferior surface

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14
Q

The surfaces of the cerebral hemisphere show elevations called __ and grooves called __.

A

Gyri; Sulci

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15
Q

Deep sulci are called:

A

Fissures

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16
Q

The surface of the hemisphere is divided into different areas. Each area contains:

A

A group of cells that perform a specific

function.

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17
Q

What are the important sulci & gyri on the superolateral surface?

A

1) Central sulcus (of Rolando)
2) Lateral fissure (of Sylvius)
3) Parieto–occipital fissure

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18
Q

Where does the Central sulcus (of Rolando) begin and end?

A

Begins: On medial surface
Ends: Slightly above the middle of the posterior ramus of lateral fissure

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19
Q

Where does the Central sulcus (of Rolando) extend?

A

From the superomedial border at a point a little behind the midpoint between the frontal & occipital poles.

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20
Q

Where does the Lateral fissure (of Sylvius) begin?

A

It begins on the inferior surface (stem) lateral to the anterior perforated substance

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21
Q

Where does the Lateral fissure (of Sylvius) extend?

A

Laterally to reach the lateral surface where it divides into 3 branches.

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22
Q

What are the 3 branches of the Lateral fissure (of Sylvius)?

A

1) Anterior ramus
2) Ascending ramus
3) Posterior ramus

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23
Q

Where is the Anterior ramus of the Lateral fissure (of Sylvius) found?

A

Runs forwards in the inferior frontal gyrus

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24
Q

Where is the Ascending ramus of the Lateral fissure (of Sylvius) found?

A

Ascends in the inferior frontal gyrus

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25
Q

Where is the Posterior ramus of the Lateral fissure (of Sylvius) found?

A

Runs backwards & ends by turning upwards in the parietal lobe

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26
Q

What are the important sulci on the frontal lobe?

A

1) Precentral sulcus
2) Superior Frontal sulcus
3) Inferior frontal sulcus

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27
Q

What are the important gyri on the frontal lobe?

A

1) Precentral gyrus: Between
central and precentral sulci.
2) Superior & inferior frontal sulci divide the remaining part equally into superior, middle & inferior frontal gyri

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28
Q

What are the important sulci on the temporal lobe?

A

1) Superior temporal sulci

2) Inferior temporal sulci

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29
Q

What are the important gyri on the temporal lobe?

A

1) Superior temporal gyri
2) Middle temporal gyri
3) Inferior temporal gyri

30
Q

Where does the insula (Island of Reil) 5th loop lie?

A

At the bottom of the lateral fissure

31
Q

What are the borders of the insula (Island of Reil) 5th loop?

A 
It is conical in shape having
a base (surrounded by circular sulcus) and an apex directed inferiorly towards the anterior perforated substance.
32
Q 
The insula (Island of Reil)
5th loop is divided by \_\_ into:
A

Sulcus centralis insulae;

1) Anterior part divided into 3-4 short gyri
2) Posterior part with one long gyrus which is usually divided near its upper part.

33
Q

What is the function of the insula (Island of Reil) 5th loop?

A

Related to taste (gustatory area)

34
Q

What are the important sulci & gyri on the parietal lobe?

A

1) Postcentral sulcus
2) Postcentral gyrus
3) Intraparietal sulcus

35
Q

Where is the postcentral gyrus located?

A

Between the central &

postcentral sulci.

36
Q

Where is the postcentral sulcus located?

A

Parallel to and one

finger behind the central sulcus.

37
Q

Where does the intraparietal sulcus begin?

A

At the middle of the postcentral sulcus

38
Q

The intraparietal sulcus divides the remaining part of the parietal lobe into:

A

1) Superior parietal lobule

2) Inferior parietal lobule

39
Q

The inferior parietal lobule is divided into:

A

1) Supramarginal gyrus
2) Angular gyrus
3) Posterior part

40
Q

Where is the supramarginal gyrus located?

A

Above the upturned end of the post ramus of lateral fissure

41
Q

Where is the angular gyrus located?

A

Above the upturned end of superior temporal sulcus area 39

42
Q

Where is the Posterior part located?

A

Above the upturned end of the inferior temporal sulcus

43
Q

What are the important sulci on the occipital lobe?

A

1) Transverse occipital sulcus (lunate)

2) Lateral occipital sulcus (horizontal)

44
Q

What does the lateral occipital sulcus (horizontal) do?

A

Divides the lateral surface of the occipital lobe into a superior and an inferior gyrus.

45
Q

What surrounds the corpus callosum?

A

Callosal sulcus

46
Q

What is the path of the Cingulate sulcus?

A

Runs parallel to corpus callosum and terminates by turning upwards to meet the superomedial border. Ends above as marginal sulcus.

47
Q

What branch does the cingulate gyrus give?

A

Ascending branch above the middle of the body of the corpus callosum, which divides the area above cingulate sulcus into anterior part:

1) Medial frontal gyrus
2) Paracentral lobule

48
Q

Where does the Cingulate gyrus lie?

A

Between corpus callosum & cingulate sulcus

49
Q

What is the continuation of the cingulate gyrus?

A

Subparietal (suprasplenial) sulcus

50
Q

Where is the Parieto-occipital fissure located?

A

Between the parietal & occipital lobes

51
Q

Where does the Calcrine sulcus begin?

A

Near the occipital pole

52
Q

What is the Cuneus?

A

The wedge area between the parieto-occipital fissure and the calcrine sulcus.

53
Q

Where does the Precuneus lie?

A

In front of the parieto-occipital fissure

54
Q

Where does the Lingual gyrus lie?

A

Below the calcrine sulcus

55
Q

What are the important sulci & gyri on the medial surface?

A

1) Callosal sulcus
2) Cingulate sulcus
3) Subparietal (suprasplenial) sulcus
4) Parieto-occipital fissure
5) Calcrine sulcus
6) Cuneus
7) Precuneus
8) Lingual gyrus

56
Q

The inferior surface of the brain is divided by ___ into:

A

The stem of the lateral fissure;

1) A smaller anterior part: the orbital surface
2) A posterior part: the tentorial surface

57
Q

What are the important sulci & gyri on the orbital surface?

A

1) Olfactory sulcus
2) Gyrus rectus
3) H-shaped orbital sulcus

58
Q

Where is the olfactory sulcus found?

A

Near and parallel to the median fissure

59
Q

What overlaps the olfactory sulcus?

A

The olfactory bulb & tract

60
Q

Where is the gyrus rectus found?

A

Medial to the olfactory suclus.

61
Q

What is the gyrus rectus continuous with?

A

The superior frontal gyrus

62
Q

What is the role of the gyrus rectus?

A

Sexual behavior

63
Q

What does the orbital sulcus do?

A

Divides the remaining part into anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial orbital gyri.

64
Q

Orbital gyri are connected with:

A

The limbic system, especially nucleus accumbens (reward reinforcement)

65
Q

What are the important sulci & gyri on the tentorial surface?

A

1) Hippocampal sulcus
2) Collateral sulcus
3) Rhinal sulcus
4) Occipito-temporal

66
Q

What does the hippocampal sulcus do?

A

Separates the parahippocampal gyrus from the midbrain

67
Q

Where does the collateral sulcus lie?

A

Below & parallel to the calcrine sulcus

68
Q

What does the rhinal sulcus do?

A

Separates the temporal pole from the uncus

69
Q

Where does the occipito-temporal sulcus lie?

A

Between the medial occipito-temporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus) and lateral occipito-temporal gyrus (inferior temporal gyrus)

70
Q

What is the function of the medial occipito-temporal gyrus (fusiform gyrus)?

A

Involved in face recognition

71
Q

What is the function of the lateral occipito-temporal gyrus (inferior temporal gyrus)?

A

Involved in location recognition memory

CNS Anatomy (19 decks)

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