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CNS Anatomy > Anatomy 11 > Flashcards

Anatomy 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a neuron?

A

The functional unit of the nervous tissue

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2
Q

What is a neuron made up of?

A

1) Cell body
2) Processes (an axon
& dendrites)

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3
Q

What are the 3 shapes of neurons?

A

1) Unipolar or pseudounipolar Unipolar
2) Bipolar
3) Multipolar

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4
Q

What is a Unipolar or pseudounipolar Unipolar neuron?

A

Dendrite and axon emerge from same point.

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5
Q

What is a Bipolar neuron?

A

Axon and single dendrite on opposite ends of a spindle shaped body

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6
Q

What is a Multipolar neuron?

A

One axon & many dendrites

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7
Q

What does the body of neurons contain?

A

1) Nucleus

2) Cytoplasm

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8
Q

What does the neuron’s nucleus look like?

A

Large, round, and has a prominent nucleolus

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9
Q

What does the neuron’s cytoplasm contain?

A

The usual organelles + neurofibrils.

There are NO centrioles and adult neurons can’t divide.

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of dendrites?

A

1) Multiple
2) Carry impulse to the cell body (afferent fibers)
3) Wide base & tapering end
4) Give many branches
5) Contain neurofibrils & Nissl granules

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of axons?

A

1) Single
2) Carries impulse from the cell body (efferent fiber)
3) With the same diameter in all parts
4) Give few collaterals
5) Contains neurofibrils but no Nissl granules

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12
Q

What are nerve fibers?

A

The axons of all nerve cells & the dendrite of unipolar cells

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13
Q

What are the sheaths of nerve fibers?

A

1) Myelin sheath

2) Neurilemma (Schwann) sheath

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14
Q

What is the myelin sheath?

A

A thin layer of lipoprotein which is interrupted at nodes of Ranvier.

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15
Q

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

A

It has an insulator or nutritive function (Thickly myelinated fibers transmits
impulses faster)

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16
Q

What is the myelin sheath formed by?

A

1) Neurilemma cells outside the CNS

2) Oligodendrocytes inside the CNS

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17
Q

What does the neurilemma (Schwann) sheath look like?

A

Tubes

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18
Q

What is the function of neurilemma (Schwann) sheaths?

A

It is important for nerve regeneration after injury. (In myelinated nerve fibers it forms & envelops myelin segments.)

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19
Q

What forms the nerve trunk?

A

Bundles of nerve fibers

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20
Q

What is the epineurium?

A

Connective tissue that surrounds the whole nerve

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21
Q

What is the perineurium?

A

Connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle (bundle)

22
Q

What is the endoneurium?

A

Connective tissue that surrounds each nerve fiber

23
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

A collection of nerve cells & nerve fibers surrounded by a connective tissue capsule outside the CNS.

24
Q

Where are ganglions found?

A

Along the course of a nerve

25
Q

What are the 3 types of ganglia?

A

1) Spinal ganglia
2) Autonomic ganglia
a) Sympathetic
b) Parasympathetic
3) Cranial ganglia

26
Q

Which cells originate from the neural tube?

A

1) Oligodendrocyte
2) Schwann cell
3) Astrocyte
4) Ependymal cell

27
Q

Which cell originates from the bone marrow?

A

Microglia

28
Q

What are the functions of oligodendrocytes?

A

1) Myelin production

2) Electric insulation

29
Q

What are the functions of schwann cells?

A

1) Myelin production

2) Electric insulation

30
Q

What are the functions of astrocytes?

A

1) Structural support
2) Repair processes
3) Blood–brain barrier
4) Metabolic exchanges

31
Q

What are the functions of ependymal cells?

A

Lining cavities of the CNS

32
Q

What are the functions of microglia?

A

Phagocytic activity

33
Q

What are astrocytes?

A

Star-shaped cells with multiple radiating processes that bind neurons to capillaries and to the pia mater.

34
Q

Astrocytes with few long processes are called ___ and are located in the ___.

A

Fibrous astrocytes; white matter

35
Q

Astrocytes with many

short-branched processes are called ___ and are located in the ___.

A

Protoplasmic astrocytes; gray matter

36
Q

What does the brain consist of?

A

1) Cerebrum
2) Brainstem
3) Cerebellum

37
Q

What does the cerebrum consist of?

A

1) 2 Cerebral hemispheres
separated from each other by median fissure

2) Diencephalon.

38
Q

What does the brainstem consist of?

A

1) Midbrain
2) Pons
3) Medulla

39
Q

What does the cerebellum consist of?

A

1) 2 cerebellar hemispheres

2) Vermis

40
Q

On an embryological basis the brain is divided into:

A

1) Forebrain
2) Midbrain
3) Hindbrain

41
Q

What does the forebrain consist of?

A

1) 2 Cerebral hemispheres.

2) Diencephalon

42
Q

What does the hindbrain consist of?

A

1) Pons
2) Medulla Oblongata
3) Cerebellum

43
Q

What are the primary vesicles of the brain?

A

1) Prosencephalon
2) Mesencephalon
3) Rhombencephalon

44
Q

What are the secondary vesicles of the prosencephalon?

A

1) Telencephalon

2) Diencephalon

45
Q

What is the secondary vesicle of the mesencephalon?

A

Mesencephalon

46
Q

What are the secondary vesicles of the rhombencephalon?

A

1) Metencephalon

2) Myelencephalon

47
Q

What are the derivatives of the telencephalon?

A

1) Cerebral cortex
2) Cerebral white matter
3) Basal ganglia

48
Q

What are the derivatives of the diencephalon?

A

1) Thalamus
2) Hypothalamus
3) Subthalamus
4) Epithalamus

49
Q

What is the derivative of the mesencephalon?

A

Midbrain

50
Q

What are the derivatives of the metencephalon?

A

1) Cerebellum

2) Pons

51
Q

What is the derivative of the myelencephalon?

A

Medulla oblongata

CNS Anatomy (19 decks)

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