Anatomical Terms

Question 1

what is an oblique section?

Answer 1

a diagonal cut between the vertical and horizontal plane

Question 2

A surgeon removed a section of tissue along a transverse plane for microscopic examination. What are two names that correctly identify this section?

Answer 2

Transverse or cross section

Question 3

The anatomical position is classified as

Answer 3

• body erect
• arms at sides
• palms face anteriorly
• thumbs pointing outward

Question 4

What is the function of keratinocytes

Answer 4

they produce a fibrous protein to protect the epidermis

Question 5

What is the function of melanin?

Answer 5

it provides protection against UV radiation

Question 6

What is the function of Langerhans cells?

Answer 6

They activate the immune system

Question 7

what does the acrostic poem “can’t love grilling, so bake” stand for?

Answer 7

the layers of the epidermis, the stratum:

corneum
lucidum
granulosum
spinosum
basale

in order top to bottom

Question 8

In thick skin, you would expect the __________ to be more prominent than it is in thin skin.

Answer 8

the stratum lucidum

Question 9

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for regenerating the most superficial layers?

Answer 9

Stratum basale, the only regenerative layer in the epidermis

Question 10

Albinos commonly contract skin cancer. What seems to be the reason, and what can be done to reduce the risk of skin cancer?

Answer 10

Albinos lack melanin and have thus lost their main defense against the damaging UV light that can cause skin cancer. They can cover all body areas and avoid bright sunlight.

Question 11

The 68-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital medical floor with a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. His wife asks the nurse why his skin looks blue. How would you explain cyanosis to this patient and his wife?

Answer 11

Lack of oxygen

Question 12

what are the types of glands?

Answer 12

eccrine, ceruminous, sebaceous, apocrine

Question 13

what’s the function of eccrine glands?

Answer 13

sweat glands in hairy areas (temperature regulation)

Question 14

what’s the function of ceruminous glands?

Answer 14

modified apocrine gland that produce ear wax

Question 15

what’s the function of sebaceous glands?

Answer 15

secrete sebum in the hair and on the skin

Question 16

what’s the function of apocrine glands?

Answer 16

general sweat glands

Question 17

We are told that every surface we touch is teeming with bacterial cells, and bacteria are found in the pools we swim in, the water we wash with, and on the hands of friends. Why are we not inundated with bacterial infections on our skin?

Answer 17

• low pH of skin secretions makes it slightly acidic and resistant to the multiplication of bacteria
• not all bacteria thrive on the skin and not all bacteria are harmful
• many bacteria are killed by bactericidal substances in the sebum and sweat

Question 18

Susan sat out in the sun watching a baseball game. She developed small blisters on her unprotected shoulders and neck. What type of burn is represented by the formation of the blisters?

Answer 18

second degree burn

Question 19

What is the protein found in the outermost layer of the epidermal cells?

Answer 19

keratin

Question 20

The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that

Answer 20

it’s mostly composed of adipose tissue (fat) making it an effective shock absorber

Question 21

What can be found in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 21

The heart and lungs

Question 22

What is used to estimate fluid loss from burns? Define the rule

Answer 22

The rule of nines

Question 23

What is the rule