Anatomical Terms Flashcards
what is an oblique section?
a diagonal cut between the vertical and horizontal plane
A surgeon removed a section of tissue along a transverse plane for microscopic examination. What are two names that correctly identify this section?
Transverse or cross section
The anatomical position is classified as
- body erect
- arms at sides
- palms face anteriorly
- thumbs pointing outward
What is the function of keratinocytes
they produce a fibrous protein to protect the epidermis
What is the function of melanin?
it provides protection against UV radiation
What is the function of Langerhans cells?
They activate the immune system
what does the acrostic poem “can’t love grilling, so bake” stand for?
the layers of the epidermis, the stratum:
corneum
lucidum
granulosum
spinosum
basale
in order top to bottom
In thick skin, you would expect the __________ to be more prominent than it is in thin skin.
the stratum lucidum
Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for regenerating the most superficial layers?
Stratum basale, the only regenerative layer in the epidermis
Albinos commonly contract skin cancer. What seems to be the reason, and what can be done to reduce the risk of skin cancer?
Albinos lack melanin and have thus lost their main defense against the damaging UV light that can cause skin cancer. They can cover all body areas and avoid bright sunlight.
The 68-year-old patient was admitted to the hospital medical floor with a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. His wife asks the nurse why his skin looks blue. How would you explain cyanosis to this patient and his wife?
Lack of oxygen
what are the types of glands?
eccrine, ceruminous, sebaceous, apocrine
what’s the function of eccrine glands?
sweat glands in hairy areas (temperature regulation)
what’s the function of ceruminous glands?
modified apocrine gland that produce ear wax
what’s the function of sebaceous glands?
secrete sebum in the hair and on the skin
what’s the function of apocrine glands?
general sweat glands
We are told that every surface we touch is teeming with bacterial cells, and bacteria are found in the pools we swim in, the water we wash with, and on the hands of friends. Why are we not inundated with bacterial infections on our skin?
- low pH of skin secretions makes it slightly acidic and resistant to the multiplication of bacteria
- not all bacteria thrive on the skin and not all bacteria are harmful
- many bacteria are killed by bactericidal substances in the sebum and sweat
Susan sat out in the sun watching a baseball game. She developed small blisters on her unprotected shoulders and neck. What type of burn is represented by the formation of the blisters?
second degree burn
What is the protein found in the outermost layer of the epidermal cells?
keratin
The reason the hypodermis acts as a shock absorber is that
it’s mostly composed of adipose tissue (fat) making it an effective shock absorber
What can be found in the thoracic cavity?
The heart and lungs
What is used to estimate fluid loss from burns? Define the rule
The rule of nines
What is the rule
