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exam revision > anat > Flashcards

anat Flashcards

1
Q

where does spinal cord terminate

A

L1/2

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2
Q

vertebra primary centres of ossification

A

1 on body

one on each arch

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3
Q

vertebra secondary centres of ossification

A

5:
- top and bottom of body around perimeter - annular epiphyses
- tip of spinous
- tips of transverse

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4
Q

where does disc have neurovascular supply

A

outer third of annulus

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5
Q

nerve supply of IVD

A

recurrent meningeal nerves

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6
Q

where do you do a lumbar puncture

A

L3/4

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7
Q

draw superficial back muscles

A

trapezius
lat dorsi
rhomboids minor and major
levator scapulae

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8
Q

what are the intermediate back muscles

A

serratus anterior and post sup and post inf

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9
Q

what are deep back muscles (parts of one of them)

A 
errector spinae (med to lat: spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis)
trasnversospinalis
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10
Q

are there lymph nodes in the back

A

nup, lymph goes to axillary nodes

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11
Q

spondylosis

A

degeneration of spine

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12
Q

alkylosing spondylitis

A

fusion of vertebra

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13
Q

where in breast has highest bulk of glandular tissue

A

upper outer quadrant

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14
Q

where does breast sit, what ribs

A

2-6

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15
Q

where does breast lymph drain

A

axillary and parasternal nodes

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16
Q

ligaments stabilising costovertebral and costotransverse joints

A

radiate ligament

costotransverse lig

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17
Q

what part of diaphragm does IVC go through

A

central tendon

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18
Q

where does L and R phrenic nerves go through diaphram

A

R - tendon

L - muscular

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19
Q

where are internal and external intercostal muscles replaced

A

external replaced anteriorly, internal replaced posteriorly

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20
Q

accessory muscles of resp

A

sternomastoid, scalenes, abdo

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21
Q

which vertebra does heart sit against

A

T5-8

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22
Q

smooth part of R atria

A

sinus venarum

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23
Q

ridge on inside demarcating musculi pectinati and sinus venarum in R a

A

crista terminalis

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24
Q

smooth part just before pulmonary trunk

A

conus arteriosus

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25
Q

name of fibrous parts of skeleton connecting rings

A

trigones

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26
Q

what are 3 cusps of tricuspid valve called

A

ant post and septal

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27
Q

what meets behind sternoclavicular 1st 2nd and 3rd costal cartilages

A

sternoclavicular - IJV and subclavian
1st - brachiocephalic veins meet
2nd - azygous vein enters
3rd - IVC enters RA

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28
Q

what problem do you get with retrooesophageal right subclavian

A

causes difficulties swallowing

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29
Q

what muscle dows phrenic run on

A

scalenus anterior

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30
Q

where does thoracic duct empty into

A

junction btw L jugular and subclavian v

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31
Q

branches of thoracic aorta

A

intercostal
bronchial
pericardial
oesophageal

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32
Q

pathway of phrenic nerve

A

on scalenus anterior, between subclavian artery and vein, ant to lung root, pieces diaphragm

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33
Q

pathway of R vagus nerve

A

beside trachea - post to lung root, ant to oesophagus

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34
Q

pathway of L vagus

A

lateral to arch - post to phrenic - crosssed by superior intercostal vein - gives of recurrent laryngeal - post to lung root - ant to oesophagus

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35
Q

parts of parietal pleura

A

cervical, mediastinal, costal, diaphragmatic

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36
Q

what is name for pleural cavity filled with pus

A

pyothorax/empyema

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37
Q

where does trachea begin

A

C6

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38
Q

where will aspirated fluid go in supine patient

A

apical segment of lower lobe

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39
Q

two divisions of right bronchus

A 
right upper lobe bronchus 
bronchus intermedius (continuation of RMB)
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40
Q

two divisions of R pulmonary artery

A 
right upper lobe branch of pulmonary artery 
pulmonary artery (continuation of RMPA)
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41
Q

lymph drainage of lung

A

hilar lymph nodes - tracheo-bronchial nodes - bronchiomediastinal trunks

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42
Q

insertion of external obliques

A

iliac crest, ASIS, pubic crest and tubercle

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43
Q

insertion of internal obliques

A

anterior iliac crest, lat 2/3 of inguinal ligament, pubic crest

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44
Q

insertion of transversus abdominus

A

anterior iliac crest, lat 1/3 of inguinal lig, pubic crest

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45
Q

3 tendinous insertions of rectus abdominus

A

xiphisternum, costal margin, umbilicus

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46
Q

where are portosystemic anastomoses

A 
lower oesophagus
bare area of liver 
umbilicus 
retroperitoneal structures (asc and dec colon)
upper anal canal
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47
Q

two divisions of internal thoracic a

A

musculophrenic

superior epigastric

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48
Q

arteries of ant abdominal wall

A
  • superior epigastric from internal thoracic
  • inferior epigastric from external iliac
  • superficial epigastric
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49
Q

where do testes develop

A

extraperitoneal fat

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50
Q

where is deep inguinal ring

A

breach in transversalis fascia, half way between ASIS and pubic tubercle, fingers breadth above the inguinal ligament

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51
Q

where are layers of spermatic fascia from:
external spermatic
cremasteric
internal spermatic

A

external - EO
cremasteric - IO
internal - fascia transversalis

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52
Q

indirect inguinal hernia from incomplete closure of…

A

processus vaginalis

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53
Q

origin of psoas major

A

T12 to L5

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54
Q

3 layers of thoracolumbar fascia and where they attach

A

post - to tip of spinous
middle - to tip of transverse
ant - to ant surface of transverse

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55
Q

size of kidney

A

10x5x2.5

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56
Q

where does right renal artery travel in relation to IVC

A

behind it

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57
Q 
cervical oesophagus: 
narrowing 
artery 
vein 
lymph
A

upper oesophageal sphincter
artery - inferior thyroid
vein - brachiocephalic
lymph - deep cervical nodes

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58
Q

thoracic oesophagus

narrowing, artery, vein, lymph

A

LMB, aortic arch
a - oesophageal branches from aorta
v - azygous
lymph - mediastinal

59
Q

abdominal oesophagus

narrowing, a, v, lymph

A

diaphragmatic orifice
a - left gastric
v - L gastric
lymph - preaortic

60
Q

pylorus consists of

A

antrum, canal, sphincter

61
Q

duodenal cap =

A

1st 2 inches of duo

62
Q

what does second part of kidney overly

A

hilar structures of R kidnye

63
Q

where does 3rd part of duo pass from to

A

from R psoas to L psoas

64
Q

first __% jejunum, second __% ileum

65
Q

mcbernies point

A

1/3rd way along line between umbilicus and ASIS

66
Q

functional left half of liver =

A

left, caudate, quadrate

67
Q

what structures are secondarily retroperitoneal

A

duo, pancreas, bile duct, asc and dec colon

68
Q

branches of coeliac trunk

A
  1. L gastric
  2. splenic - L gastroepiploic
  3. common hepatic
    - proper hepatic
    - gastroduodenal - R gastric, R gastroepiploic, superior pancreaticoduodenal
69
Q

where does tail of pancreas and splenic artery go through to get to spleen

A

lienorenal lig

70
Q

branches of SMA

A 
inferior pancreaticoduodenal 
jejunal 
ileal 
iliocolic
R colic
middle colic
71
Q

branches of IMA

A

left colic
sigmoid colic
superior rectal

72
Q

symp for abdo viscera come from what segments

73
Q

parasymp for abdo viscera

A

foregut and mid gut - vagus

hindgut - pelvic splanchnics

74
Q

conoid tubercle

A

of cavicle for coracoclavicular ligament

75
Q

ligs of sternoclavicular joint

A

ant and post sternoclavicular ligs

costoclavicular lig - main stabiliser

76
Q

main stabiliser of acromioclavicular joint

A

coracoclavicular lig

77
Q

glenohumeral ligs - how many, which is thickest

A

line posterior capsule - sup, mid, inferior - thickest and loops under head

78
Q

what is endangered in inferior dislocation of shoulder

79
Q

process of ulnar on front

A

coranoid process

80
Q

what is displaced carrying angle of arms called

A

cubitus valgus

81
Q

what causes volkmann’s ischaemia of forearm

A

supracondylar fracture causing stretch and spasm of brachial artery causing ischaemia

82
Q

names of carpal bones

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

83
Q

two joints of wrist complex, what type of joints are they

A

radiocarpal - ellipsoid

intercarpal - condylar

84
Q

ligs reinforcing wrist joint

A

ventral ulnocarpal and radiocarpal
dorsal radiocarpal
radio-scapho-lunate lig

85
Q

what is most common fracture in upper limb

A

distal radius fracture - colles fracture

86
Q

what are metacarpals linked by

A

deep transverse metacarpal lig

87
Q

what expands surface area on phalanges in metacarpophalangeal joints

A

volar plate (fibrocartilagenous)

88
Q

heads of pec majoir

A

clavicular

stenocostal

89
Q

where does serratus ant attach

A

anterolateral chest wall ribs 1-8, underlaps scapula to medial border

90
Q

actions of serratus ant

A

protractor, scapula stabiliser when pushing forwards

91
Q

name of fascia surrounding subclavian and pec minor

A

clavipectoral fascia

92
Q

what does clavipectoral fascia attach to

A

axillary fascia

93
Q

3 parts of deltoid

A

ant - from lat clavicle
lat - from acromium
post - from spine of scapula

94
Q

which muscles adduct and medially rotate shoulder

A

subscapularis

teres major

95
Q

where does long head of biceps come from

A

supraglenoid tubercle, intracapsular, extrasynovial

96
Q

origin and insertion of brachialis

A

ant distal humerus to coranoid process of ulnar

97
Q

origin and insertion of FDS

A

humeroulnar head, radial head to either side of middle phalanges (doesnt cross last joint)

98
Q

origin and insertion of FDP

A

ulnar and interosseous membrane to base of distal phalanges

99
Q

origin and insertion of flexor pollicis longus

A

radius and interosseous membrane

100
Q

origin and insertion of brachioradialis

A

supracondylar ridge to distal radius

101
Q

muscles of posterior forearm

A 
brachioradialis 
extensor carpi radialis longus 
extensor carpi radialis brevis 
extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi 
extensor carpi ulnaris
102
Q

deep muscles of post forearm

A

anconeus
supinator
extensor incidis

103
Q

down a line along the ulnar what are the muscles of post forearm

A

anconeus
adductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis

104
Q

layers of palm

A
  1. skin and palmaris brevis
  2. palmar aponeurosis
  3. intrinsic muscles of hand
  4. neurovascular plane - superficial palmar arch
  5. long flexor tendons + lumbricals
  6. adductor pollicis and neurovascular plane
  7. interossei and metacarpals
105
Q

what are intrinsic muscles of hand

A

thenar and hypothenar: abductor and flexor pollicis brevis/digiti minimi and opponens

106
Q

what forms the superficial neurovascular plane

A

ulnar artery , median and ulnar nerves

107
Q

what forms the deep neurovascular plane

A

deep palmar arch from radial artery

108
Q

where do lumbricals go to from

A

from radial side of each FDP tendon to dorsal extensor expansion

109
Q

what adducts fingers

A

palmar interossei

110
Q

what abducts fingers

A

dorsal interossei (bipennate)

111
Q

what is order in brachial plexus

A

roots - trunks - divisions - cords - nerves

112
Q

where does musculocutaneous nerve run

A

between biceps and brachialis

113
Q

where does lat cut nerve of forearm come from

A

musculocutaneous

114
Q

ulnar nerve med or lat to axillary artery

115
Q

what muscles does ulnar nerve supply

A

FCU and medial FDP, hand muscles except thenar

116
Q

roots of musc nerve

117
Q

roots of axillary nerve

118
Q

roots of ulnar nerve

119
Q

roots of median and radial nerves

120
Q

median nerve lat or med to brachial artery

121
Q

motor of median n

A

rest of ant forearm, thenar muscles and lat 2 lumbriclas

122
Q

before goes under flexor retinaculum, median n

A

gives of palmar cutaneous branch to lat 3 1/2 fingres and nail beds

123
Q

axillary above or below teres major

124
Q

muscles of axillary n

A

deltoid and teres minor

125
Q

radial above or below teres major

126
Q

where does superficial branch of radial n go

A

under brachioradialis, over anatomical snuff box to dorsum of hand

127
Q

what does superficial radial n supply

A

lat arm and forearm, back of fingers

128
Q

where does deep radial n go

A

through supinator to post compartment = post interosseous nerve

129
Q

what does deep radial n supply

A

forearm extensors

130
Q

what does medial arm and forearm extension

A

medial cutaneous nerve from medial cord

131
Q

when does subclavian a become axillary

A

at lower border of 1st rib

132
Q

where does it become brachial a

A

lower border of teres major

133
Q

axillary artery runs deep to…

134
Q

where does profunda brachi artery go

A

spirals around humerus med to lat with radial nerve to post arm

135
Q

where does radial artery go under, with what

A

under brachioradialis with superficial radial n

136
Q

where does ulnar artery go, with what

A

under FCU with ulnar n

137
Q

where does common interosseous artery come from

A

ulnar artery

138
Q

divisions of common interosseous artery

A

ant and post interosseous arteries

139
Q

what forms the superficial palmar arch

A

ulnar artery and sup branch of radial (gives off before goes under flexor retinaculum)

140
Q

where do you get common digitial arteries from

A

superficial palmar arch

141
Q

what forms deep palmar arch

A

radial artery and deep branch of ulnar

142
Q

which is more proximal superficial or deep palmar arches

143
Q

what do deep veins form in arm

A

paired vena comitantes instead of radial and ulnar

144
Q

in upper limb, deep lymphatics follow___ and superficial lymphatics follow ___

A

deep - arteries

superficial - veins

exam revision (15 decks)

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