Anaphylaxis_flashcards
What is anaphylaxis?
Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction to a trigger such as an allergy. It can lead to difficulty in breathing (DIB), hypotension, and rash.
What are the key features of anaphylaxis?
Sudden onset, airway oedema, DIB, hypotension or tachycardia, rash/angio-oedema.
What is the immediate management for anaphylaxis?
IM adrenaline 1:1000, repeat in 5 mins if no response. Admit to hospital, get help, put patient in supine position with legs raised, ABC with IV access and check glucose, alert anaesthesia, high flow oxygen via NRBM, bolus IV fluids 20ml/kg crystalloids, IV hydrocortisone, IV chlorphenamine, consider nebulised salbutamol, monitor: pulse oximetry/ECG/BP.
How to use an Epipen for different age groups?
<6 years: 150mcg (0.15ml), 6-12 years: 300mcg (0.3ml), >12 years: 500mcg (0.5ml).
What is the dosage of IM adrenaline for different age groups in anaphylaxis?
<6 years: 150mcg (0.15ml), 6-12 years: 300mcg (0.3ml), >12 years: 500mcg (0.5ml).
What is the hospital admission procedure for anaphylaxis?
Admit to hospital, get help – someone should be documenting, put patient in supine position with legs raised.
What are the steps to be taken for ABC during anaphylaxis management?
ABC with IV access and check glucose, alert anaesthesia, high flow oxygen via NRBM, bolus IV fluids 20ml/kg crystalloids.
What is the role of IV hydrocortisone in anaphylaxis management?
IV hydrocortisone is given to prevent rebound reactions. Dosage: <6 years 50mg, 6-12 years 100mg, >12 years 200mg.
What is the dosage of IV chlorphenamine for different age groups in anaphylaxis?
<6 years: 2.5mg, 6-12 years: 5mg, >12 years: 10mg.
When should nebulised salbutamol be considered in anaphylaxis?
Consider nebulised salbutamol if the child is wheezy.
What parameters should be monitored in anaphylaxis?
Monitor pulse oximetry, ECG, and BP.
What is the significance of mast cell tryptase in anaphylaxis?
Mast cell tryptase is sampled if the reaction is venom-related, drug-related, or idiopathic. Sample as soon as emergency treatment has begun, and a second sample within 1-2 hrs of onset of symptoms.
What are the long-term management steps for anaphylaxis?
Refer to an allergy specialist, provide a written home management plan, avoid triggers, educate on how to use an Epipen, recommend oral antihistamines, instruct to use EpiPen and call 999 if there is any difficulty in breathing or swelling, risk of recurrence in 72 hrs without exposure to allergen – call 999.
