Anaphylaxis

Question 1

what is anaphylaxis

Answer 1

acute systemic allergic reaction

Question 2

describe the immunologic reaction

Answer 2

second time individual exposed to the antigen the IgE antibodies will bind
triggers release of vasoactive and inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils

Question 3

what are the 3 categories of human anaphylaxis according to the WHO

Answer 3

immunologic
idiopathic
nonimmunologic

Question 4

acute onset of illness with involvement of skin and mucousal tissue AND one of the following two required for clinical criteria what are the two

Answer 4

respiratory compromise

reduced blood pressure or associated end organ dysfunction

Question 5

for clinical criteria two of the four must occur rapidly after exposure what are the four

Answer 5

involvement of skin/mucousal tissue
respiratory compromise
reduced blood pressure
persistent GI symptoms

Question 6

only one thing that must happen to follow clinical criteria

Answer 6

reduced blood pressure after exposure to a known allergen

Question 7

what is the uniphasic pattern

Answer 7

isolated reaction
signs occur within 30 min
resolves within 1-2 hours

Question 8

what is the biphasic pattern

Answer 8

anaphylaxis resolves and symptoms begin again within 8 hours
occurs 20% of the time

Question 9

what is the protracted pattern

Answer 9

severe reaction that lasts over 24 hours

Question 10

give examples of the cutaneous reactions

Answer 10

hives
welts
severe itching
flushing/redness
swelling

Question 11

give examples of the respiratory reactions

Answer 11

throat or chest tightness
difficultly breathing \wheeze cough\swelling
ichy throat
itch runny nose

Question 12

give examples of the gastronintestinal reactions

Answer 12

difficult swallowing
nausea or vomiting
ab cramping
diarrhea

Question 13

give examples of the cardiovascular reactions

Answer 13

hypotension
chest pain
dysrhythmias

Question 14

what are common triggers

Answer 14

foods
drugs: antibiotics, nsaids
insect stings
latex

Question 15

what is the intial treatment

Answer 15

CPR if needed
inject epinephrine
call 911/seek medical attention

Question 16

what schedule are epinephrine autoinjectors and where do they act

Answer 16

schedule 2

act on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

Question 17

how does epinepherine restore resp and cardio function

Answer 17

relax bronchial smooth muscle to open airways

vasoconstrict to stop hypotension

Question 18

what should patients buying epipens be counseled on

Answer 18

make sure caregivers and themselves know how to use it

check expiry date and ensure it is clear and colorless

Question 19

what are some side effects of epinephrine

Answer 19

tremor
pallor
anxiety
tachycardia

Question 20

if patient wants to know side effects of allergic reaction

Answer 20

Face: , red, swelling,hives, itchy
Airway: difficultly breathing and swallowing
Stomach: pain, vomit, diarhhea
Total body: weak ,sense of doom, swelling, hives, loss of consciousness

Question 21

what does uticaria look like

Answer 21

smooth 
slightly elevated
discolored
severe itching
round or oval

Question 22

what is the pathophysiology of uticaria

Answer 22

cutaneous mast cells and basophiles in skin release mediators which cause itching and swelling

Question 23

what are the 8 causes of uticaria

Answer 23

allergic reaction 
infection
illness
exposure to elements/weather
exercise
stress
chemicals 
scratching the skin

Question 24

what is the recommended treatment for acute (less than 6weeks) uticaria

Answer 24

oral antihistamines