Amphibians and Reptiles

Question 1

Tetrapod

Answer 1

amphibians, reptiles, mamals, some extinct fishes

Question 2

Pre-adaptations for land life among fish

Answer 2

tetrapod legs in shallow water fishes, lungs (breathing in shallow anoxic water)

Question 3

Amphibians

Answer 3

appeared ~370mya
gas exchange- gills in larvae. small lungs/diffusion through skin in adults (some salamanders lungless)
need water/high humidity-no shells on eggs, skin dries quickly

Question 4

Amphibian orders

Answer 4

salamanders-tails
frogs-no tails, often metamorphosis
caecilians-no limbs, burrowing/wormlike, no eyes

Question 5

Amniotes

Answer 5

reptiles, birds, mammals
waterproof skin-keratin in cells embedded in secreted phosphlipid matrix
axial muscles for negative-pressure breathing

Question 6

Extraembryonic membranes

Answer 6

amnion
yolk sac
allantois
chorion

Question 7

Amnion

Answer 7

protects against dehyrdation and mechanical shock

Question 8

Yolk Sac

Answer 8

nutrient stockpile

Question 9

Allantois

Answer 9

store metabollic wastes

Question 10

Chorion

Answer 10

gas exchange

Question 11

Reptiles

Answer 11

ectothermic-cheaper energetically than endo, limited habitats b/c generate little internal heat but need less food

Question 12

Birds

Answer 12

endothermic, 4 chambered heart, unidirectional ventilation of lungs, honeycombed skeleton, beak, no teeth, sternum with keel for large flight muscles, acute vision, feathers, large brains