Aminoacids and Proteins

Question 1

What is a Ketogenic amino acid?

Answer 1

Ketogenic amino acids are those amino acids that are converted to acetyl CoA or Acetoacetate which are precursors to ketone bodies

Question 2

What are Glucogenic amino acids?

Answer 2

Are those amino acids which are converted to precursors for glucose synthesis like alpha-ketoglutarate, succinyl CoA, Fumarate

Question 3

What is the general structure of all amino acids except for Glycine

Answer 3

The alpha carbon is a chiral center.

Question 4

Name all amino acids in the Non-polar, aliphatic group

Answer 4

1. Glycine 2. Alanine 3. Proline 4. Valine 5. Leucine 6. Isoleucine 7. Methionine

Question 5

Name all amino acids in the Aromatic group

Answer 5

1. Phenylalanine 2. Tyrosine 3. Tryptophan

Question 6

Name all amino acids in the Polar, uncharged group

Answer 6

1. Serine 2. Threonine 3. Cysteine 4. Asparagine 5. Glutamine

Question 7

Name all amino acids in the Positively charged group

Answer 7

1. Lystine 2. Histidine 3. Arginine

Question 8

Name all amino acids in the Negatively charged group

Answer 8

1. Asparate 2. Glutamate

Question 9

Stereoisomerism in Alpha aminoacids

Answer 9

Question 10

The amino acids are all chiral except for ______?

Answer 10

Glycine

Question 11

All naturally occurring proteins from all living organisms conist of (L or D) Amino acids?

Answer 11

L amino acids

Question 12

What is a zwitterion?

Answer 12

A zwitterion is neutral molocule with a positive AND a negative electrial charge, though multiple positive and negative charges can be present

Question 13

Define a Protein

Answer 13

Proteins are polymers built from amino acids joined by PEPTIDE BONDS

Question 14

Explain the different structures of Proteins (ie) Primary, secondary ect….

Answer 14

Question 15

Give an example of how a single amino acid can alter the function of a protein

Answer 15

Normal red blood cells to sickle cell blood cells…. just one amino acid is changed and completely changes the function of the cell.

Question 16

Define Proteostasis

Answer 16

Refers to the process by which cells control the abundance and folding of the proteome, and consists of a highly interconnected network that integrates the regulation of gene expression, signaling pathways, molecular chaperones and protein degredation systems.

Question 17

What CANT a protein lose even when it is denatured?

Answer 17

A protein can never lose its PRIMARY structure even when denatured. When a protein is in its Unfolded state, it becomes inactive.

Question 18

What famous disease is related to Collagen

Answer 18

Scurvy (Vitamin C defiency)

Osteogenesis Imperfecta: a person has too little type I collagen or a poor quality of type I collagen due to a mutation in one of the type I collagen genes

Question 19

Explain the steps of Collagen Synthesis

Answer 19