Amines

Question 1

What is the IUPAC prefix for an amine?

Answer 1

Amino- followed by the alkane or aromatic stem

Question 2

how do amines act as a base?

Answer 2

Can accept a proton thus can act as a base in aq solution. Will form a dative covalent bond.

Question 3

How are ammonium salts formed? What is there solubility?

Answer 3

When amines are reacted with HCl, they will form amine salts, whcih are soluble, however become increasingly less as chain increases.

Question 4

What are the two ways to form an amine?

Answer 4

Reacting a halogen with ammonia
Or, Reducing a nitrile

Question 5

What occurs in the reaction of a halogen with ammonia? What type of reaction? Conditions?

Answer 5

Nuclephilic sub. Hot excess ethanolic ammonia under pressure. Ammonia acts as a nucleophile, swaps position with the halogen.

Question 6

How can a nitrile be reduced to an amine? Conditions?

Answer 6

Nitrile vapour must be reacted with hydrogen gas. Nickel catalyst or LiAlH4 in dry ether.

Question 7

How can a secondary amine be formed? What are the conditions? Reaction type?

Answer 7

Reaction of a primary amine with another haloalkane. Ethanol/ heated in sealed tube. Nucleophilic sub.

Question 8

What is the first step to form an aromatic amine? Conditions?

Answer 8

First- reduce a nitrobenze using tin and conc HCl, under reflux, to form a phenylammonium ion.

Question 9

What is the second step to form a aromatic amine?

Answer 9

Second- Deprotonate the phenylammonium ion using excess NaOH.