Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biology > All Cells Arise From Other Cells > Flashcards

All Cells Arise From Other Cells Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Why do you use stain to look at cells?

A

Provides contrast
Stains chromosomes
Allow to see stage of mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are cells squashed to be seen under a microscope?

A

To allow light to penetrate to make chromosome visible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are cells placed in a watch glass full of HCl before looking at under a microscope?

A

To fix and kill cells

Stops cells dividing so the stay in same stage of mitosis

Make cellulose cell wall more porus so stain absorbed easier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is the last 2mm of a root used to study mitosis?

A

End of root grows by producing more cells (mitosis)

Back of tip grows by elongating cells (less cells per unit area= less mitosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a mitotic index?

A

The proportion of cells undergoing mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What stain is used to observe mitosis ?

A

Toluidene blue stain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is mitosis important for ?

A

Growth

Repair

Reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What two stages can the cell cycle be split into?

A

Interphase and metaphase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the sub sections of interphase called?

A

Growth 1

Synthesis

Growth 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much of the cell cycle is interphase?

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long is the average cell cycle ?

A

24 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What occurs during G1?

A

Cell prepares for DNA replication

Cell grows

Protein is synthesised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What occurs during synthesis phase?

A

DNA is replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What occurs during G2?

A

Organelles replicate

Cell grows (increased volume)

Protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are te stages of mitosis called?

A

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What occurs during prophase?

A

Nucleolus and nuclear membrane break down

Chromosomes condense (are visible)

Spindle fibres form from centrioles at poles of cell

Spindle fibres attach to centromeres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What occurs during metaphase ?

A

Spindle fibres align chromosomes at equator of cell

18
Q

What occurs during anaphase?

A

Centromeres divide

Spindle fibres contract to pull chromatids to opposite poles of cell
Mitochondria around spindle fibres provide energy

19
Q

What occurs during telophase?

A

Spindle fibres disintegrate

Nucleolus and nuclear membrane form

Chromosomes elongate

20
Q

What occurs during cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasm divides in two

Two genetically identical daughter cells form

21
Q

How does cytokinesis occur?

A

Cell membrane is pulled inwards

Pinches of cytoplasm

22
Q

What is binary fission?

A

Method of reproduction in prokaryotic cells

23
Q

How does binary fission occur?

A

Circular DNA and plasmids duplicate

Nucleoids and plasmids move to opposite poles of the cell

Cell membrane extends inwards and pinches of cytoplasm

Cell wall divides

24
Q

Why aren’t the daughter cells created in binary fission not always genetically identical?

A

Plasmids are shared unevenly

25
Q

Why is binary fission simpler than mitosis?

A

Binary fission doesn’t involve chromosomes, spindle fibres or nuclear envelopes

26
Q

What does acellular mean?

A

No cells

27
Q

How do viruses replicate (2 methods)

A

Virus attaches to cell host and injects nucleic acids
OR
virus is engulfed and releases nucleic acids into cell

Host cell metabolic processes are used to manufacture proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids to produce more viruses

28
Q

What is cancer?

A

Uncontrolled cell division

29
Q

What is cancer also know as?

A

Growth disorder of cells

30
Q

How does cancer arise?

A

A mutation to genes that regulate the cell cycle

31
Q

What is the difference between a tumor and cancer?

A

Cancer is when tumor cells break off and form a secondary tumor (malignant)

32
Q

How do cells naturally control their numbers?

A

Programmed cell death

Some lose ability to divide

33
Q

What factors control the rate of mitosis?

A

Environmental factors

Genes

Growth factors

34
Q

How are mutant cells different to normal cells?

A

They are structurally and functionally different

35
Q

What is the difference between malignant and benign tumors?

A

Benign don’t form secondary tumors (not cancer)

Benign are more compact

Benign grow slower

36
Q

What is metastasis?

A

The movement of cancer cells from primary to secondary sites/ tumors

37
Q

What do cancer treatments do?

A

Disrupt the cell cycle

38
Q

Give examples of the effects of cancer treatment on cancer cells

A

Prevent DNA unwinding

Prevent formation of spindle fibres (metaphase)

Prevent cells producing nucleotides

39
Q

What type of cells does cancer treatment work best against?

A

Rapidly dividing cells

Cancer and hair cells

40
Q

Why do cancer patients lose their hair?

A

Hair cells are rapidly dividing and so are more effected by cancer treatment than other body cells

biology (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions