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chemistry unit 1 > alkenes, alkanes and alkynes > Flashcards

alkenes, alkanes and alkynes Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the main use of crude oil?

A

fuels, gasoline, fuel oils

the shorter the crude oil fractions are, the more flammable

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2
Q

what is comnustion?

A

the reaction of a fuel with oxygen

there are two types of combustion: complete and incomplete combustion

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3
Q

what is complete combustion?

A

plenty of oxygen

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4
Q

what is incomplete combustion?

A

lack of oxygen

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5
Q

what are hydrocarbons?

A

fuels which are made from hydrogen and oxygen

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6
Q

how many carbons does methane have?

A

1 carbon atoms

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7
Q

how many carbons does ethane have?

A

2 carbon atoms

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8
Q

how many carbons does propane have?

A

3 carbon atoms

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9
Q

how many carbons does butane have?

A

4 carbon atoms

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10
Q

how many carbons does pentane have?

A

5 carbon atoms

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11
Q

how many carbons does hexane have?

A

6 carbon atoms

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12
Q

what are problems with combsution?

A
  • co2 contributes to global warming
  • carbon monoxide is toxic
  • carbon causes global dimming
  • sulfur produces acid rain
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13
Q

what are problems with crude oil mixture?

A

there are too many long hydrocarbons. we can solve this by ‘chopping’ the longer chains into shorter ones. this is called cracking

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14
Q

what is cracking?

A

cracking breaks longer less flammable alkane chains into smaller ones

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15
Q

what are characteristics of alkanes?

A
  • single bonds only
  • saturated: every available bond is used
  • all end in ‘ ane’
  • alkanes turn orange when bromine water is added
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16
Q

what is the general formula for alkanes?

A

CnH2n+2

17
Q

what are the characteristics of alkenes?

A
  • contain a double bond
  • unsaturated: not every available bond is used
  • all end in ‘ene’
  • turns colourless when bromine water is added
18
Q

what is the general formula for alkenes?

A

CnH2n

19
Q

what are the characteristics of alkynes?

A
  • contain triple bonds
20
Q

what is the general formula for alkynes?

A

CnHn

21
Q

how many outer bonds can each bond have?

A
  • for a sing c-c bond it can have 3 outer bonds
  • for c=c bond it can have 2 outer bonds
  • for c triple bond it can 1 outer bonds

chemistry unit 1 (15 decks)

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