Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Toxicology > ALKALOIDS > Flashcards

ALKALOIDS Flashcards

1
Q

Colchicine plants

A
  • autumn crocus/meadow saffron (most toxic is the ROOT)

- glory lily, climbing lily (flower lives 3-4 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Colchicine MOA

A
  • ANTIMITOTIC: bind to tubulin and inhibit spindle formation during cell division
  • rapidly dividing cells more sensitive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Colchicine CS

A

*ALL ORGANS ARE INVOLVED
-GI signs including stomatitis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and GI hemorrhage
-CV signs including hypotension and cardiac arrhythmias
-Respiratory signs
-Renal failure
-Hepatic failure
-Seizure and neuronal signs
-Coagulopathies
-Myelosuppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Diterpene alkaloids

A

Buttercup family:

  • larkspur/delphinium
  • monkshood/aconite
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diterpene alkaloid MOA

A

competitive blockade of nicotinic receptors at muscle endplate (similar to curare)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Diterpene alkaloid CS

A
  • sudden death in cattle
  • early signs are of NM blockade including: weakness, staggering, stiffness, trembling, black, recumbency, collapse
  • death d/t muscle paralysis –> asphyxia
  • Monkshood: cardiac arrhythmias (cardiotoxic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diterpene alkaloid TX

A

Physostigmine or neostigmine is an antidote

  • physostigmine crosses BBB
  • neostigmine does NOT cross BBB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ergot alkaloids

A

ergot (claviceps purpurea)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ergot MOA

A
  • vasoconstriction and gangrene

- uterine contraction (Ergometrine = abortion contraction in uterus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ergot CS

A
  • abortion

- hoof and hair abnormalities (can look like Se deficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Indolidizine alkaloids

A
  • locoweeds/milk vetches (Astragalus and Oxytropis [though many in these groups are not toxic])
  • swainsona canescens (Australia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Indolidizine MOA

A
  • inhibit lysosomal enzymes essential for formation of glycoproteins
  • alteration of cellular function in the brain and many other organs

-Astragalus and Oxytropis also have nitropropanol glycoside and selenium –> niropropanol causes peripheral neuronal degeneration and respiratory signs and selenium causes abnormal hoof and hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Indolidizine CS

A
  • “Locoism”
  • neuronal signs / brain damage CS
  • more common in horses than sheep/cattle
  • depression, incoordination, ataxia, circling, weird behavior
    (other: infertility, congenital defects, heart failure, weight loss, poor performance, decreased immune function)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lyocrine plants

A 
-Amaryllis family:
Narcissus (Daffodil!)
Kaffir lily / caffir lily 
Spider lily 
Barbados lily / fire lily 
Zephyr lily / rain lily
River lily
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lyocrine MOA

A
  • emetic and purgative

- bulb is toxic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lyocrine CS

A
  • GI signs: anorexia, salivating, vomiting, diarrhea, hypotension
  • large amounts cause muscle tremors and seizures
17
Q

Muscarine plants

A

poisonous mushroom (amanita muscaria)

18
Q

Muscarine MOA

A

-stimulates muscarinic receptors of ACh –> post ganglionic PSNS receptors and CNS

19
Q

Muscarine CS

A

-CNS stimulation signs and muscarinic effects (DUMBELLS)

20
Q

Muscarine TX

A
  • Atropine is an antidote

- symptomatic/decontamination is best)

21
Q

Piperidine alkaloids plants

A
  • poison hemlock/spotted hemlock
  • Lupines
  • tobacco
  • tree tobacco
  • coyte tobacco
22
Q

Piperidine alkaloids MOA

A
  • piperidine alkaloids include ANABASINE (in tobacco), CONIINE (from poison hemlock), and AMMONDENDRENE (from lupines)
  • piperidine alkaloids have nicotinic effects starting with ganglionic and neuromuscular stimulation followed by ganglionic and neuromuscular blockade
  • Neuromuscular blockade prevents fetal movement resulting in birth defects
23
Q

Piperidine alkaloid CS

A

-ataxia, incoordination, birth defects (skeletal malformations and cleft palate)

24
Q

Pyridine plants

A

-Nightshade family:
tobacco plant
tree tobacco
lobelia

25
Q

Pyridine MOA

A

Nicotine and lobeline act on nicotinic receptors at autonomic ganglia, neuromuscular junction and some synapses in the CNS

  • low doses cause depolarization
  • high doses cause blockade
26
Q

Pyridine CS

A
  • Rapid onset of clinical signs
  • Early signs are excitation, salivation, lacrimation, vomiting, diarrhea, and tachypnea
  • Muscle twitching, muscle weakness, and dyspnea
  • Death is due to respiratory failure
27
Q

Pyrrolizadine plants

A
  • rattlebox/crotalaria
  • senscio/groundsel/ragwort
  • heliotrope
28
Q

Pyrrolizadine MOA

A

Hepatotoxic (hepatogenic photosensitivity)

-can have grave prognosis

29
Q

Solanine and Solanidine plants

A

-black nightshade (*NIGHTSHADE very important) –> berries start out green (more toxic) then become black
- American nightshade
– eggplant (immature)
– tomato (immature – green)
– turkey berry
– Chinese lantern

30
Q

Solanine and solanidine MOA

A

GI, CNS, respiratory, and cardiac

31
Q

Taxine alkaloids plants

A

Yew (Japanese yew in toxic garden)

–> berries look like red-pitted olives

32
Q

Taxine MOA

A

cardiotoxic and GIT

33
Q

Tropane plants

A 
• Jimsonweed/thornapple --> most common!
• devil’s trumpet
• angel’s trumpet
• henbane
-deadly nightshade (belladonna)
34
Q

Tropane MOA

A

atropine, hyosine

35
Q

Tropane antidote

A

Physostigmine (not neostigmine) b/c physostigmine crosses BBB and so does atropine

36
Q

Xanthine plants

A

cocoa (theobroma cacao)

coffee (coffea arabica)

37
Q

Xanthine MOA

A
  • block adenosine receptors –> increases NE –> CSN stimulation
  • inhibit phosphodiesterase
38
Q

Xanthine CS

A
  • GIT then CNS stim!
  • salivation, colic, vomit, diarrhea
  • CNS stimulation: convulsive seizures, muscle tremors, tachycardia, hypotension, urination

Toxicology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions