algorithmes Flashcards

1
Q

diarrhée ou vomissement

U K+ > 50
hypokaliémie
pH 7.45
Urine riche en HCO3-

A

vomissement / perte liq gastrique

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2
Q

diarrhée ou vomissement

HCO3- urinaire = 0
hypokaliémie
pH 7.35
U K+ < 20

A

diarrhée

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3
Q

hyponatrémie

UOSM > 100
U Na+ > 20

A
  • Diurétique (thiazide, furosemide)
  • Nécrose tubulaire aigue
  • Hypoaldostérone (=> hyperK+)
  • SIADH
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4
Q

hypoNa+

U OSM > 100
U Na+ < 20

A
  • Contraction volémique
  • Hyperaldostérone (=> hypoK+)
  • IC, cirrhose, synd. néphrotique
  • IR pré-rénale
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5
Q

Hypokaliémie

U K+ < 20

A

Diarrhée
Sueur
Shift intracellulaire
IR filtration

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6
Q

HypoK+

U K+ > 20

A
  • IR tubulaire
  • Hyperaldostérone
  • Vomissements
  • Diurétiques (furo, thiazide)
  • Diurèse osmotique (hyperglycémie)
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7
Q

Cause shift intracellulaire de K+

U K+ < 20

A

Alcalose
Insuline augmentée
SNS augmenté (stress aigu, choc)

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8
Q

Cause shift extracellulaire de K+

U K+ > 20 sauf si tubule malade

A

Acidose
Diminution insuline
Hyperglycémie
Hémolyse

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9
Q

HyperK+

U K+ < 60

Cause rénale

A
  • hypoaldostérone
  • hypovolémie / oligurie
  • IR (filtration diminuée)
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10
Q

HyperK+

U K+ > 60

Cause extra-rénale

A
  • lyse cellulaire
  • shift extracellulaire
  • transfusion massive
  • spironolactone
  • hyperaldostérone
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11
Q

Acidose métabolique trou normal

A

Diarrhée

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12
Q

Acidose métabolique trou anormal et trou osmolaire élevé

A

méthanol

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13
Q

Acidose métabolique trou anormal et trou osmolaire normal

A
  • IR
  • augmentation acide : céto (Db, alcool, jeune) ou lactique (choc)
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14
Q

Alcalose métabolique avec hypokaliémie

A
  • vomissement
  • shift H+/K+
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15
Q

Alcalose métabolique

A
  • Diminution VCE
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