Alex III Social and Economic impact

Question 1

What effect did Emanicipation have

Answer 1

• It failed to bring about any fundamental change

Question 2

Why was Russian agriculture poor

Answer 2

• Peasants had too little land
• Poor Practises perpetuated by elders
• ## High taxes, grain requsion and redemption payments hampered progress

Question 3

When and what was the purpose of Land Banks?

Answer 3

• Peasants 1883
• Nobles 1885
• Aimed to facilitate land purchase
• However only increased debts

Question 4

What changed in the 1880’s

Answer 4

• Overall increase in agriculural production
• ## Largely due to the Kulak class responding positivly to Vyshnegradsky’s export drive

Question 5

What did the famine show

Answer 5

• Basic economic problem that the average peasant did not have enough land to become prosperous

Question 6

What did Vyshnegradsky do

Answer 6

• 1887 - 30% tariff on raw materials
• Increased grain exports to finance industrialisation
• “We ourselves will not eat, we shall export”

Question 7

What did Witte do

Answer 7

• Continued tarrifs and high taxes
• Russia grew to 4th largest economy

Question 8

When and what was the significance of the Trans-Siberian Railway

Answer 8

• 1891
• Proved a link to asian russia

Question 9

How did the urban working class change under Alex III

Answer 9

• Increased significantly
• Still only 2% population
• Some peasants moved to towns temporarliy and returned for peak times
• Grim conditions
• 1882 - 90 reforms reduced child labour, working hours and payment in kind

Question 10

How did the middle class change during Alex III

Answer 10

• His reign saw the emergence of a middle class

Question 11

How did the Nobility change under Alex III

Answer 11

• Many transitioned away from agriculture
• Many taught or went into business or politics
• Maintained thier wealth and status

Question 12

How did the Peasantry change under Alex III

Answer 12

• Peasants had multiple subclasses, kulaks - peasants - landless labourers etc.
• 1880 2/3 of the former serfs in Tambov region were unable to feed the household
• Economic change failed to significantly impove thier lives
• Life expectancy of 27

Question 13

When were land captians introduced

Answer 13

• July 1889
• Power to override Zemstva and village councils

Question 14

What did alexander do to the courts

Answer 14

• 1887 property requirements of Jurors increased
• 1889 volost courts placed under land captains

Question 15

How did Education change uner Alexander III

Answer 15

• Univeristies regulated more
• Faculty members to be selected due to “Religious, moral and patriotic orientation

Question 16

How did Censorship change under Alexander III

Answer 16

• 1882 issued “Temporary regulations” allowing newspapers to be closed down and editors handed a life-ban