ALE KEY POINTS Flashcards
popularized in the 19th century, posits that extraordinary individuals possess inherent traits that make them natural leaders
Great man theory
It suggests that leaders are born, not made, and their exceptional qualities set them apart from the rest of society.
Great man theory
While historically influential, the theory has been criticized for its lack of ___ and ___
lack of empirical evidence and oversimplification of leadership dynamics.
argue that it overlooks the importance of contextual factors and the role of followership in shaping leadership outcomes.
Critics
suggests that certain inherent characteristics or traits differentiate effective leaders from non-leaders.
Trait theory of leadership
have identified various traits such as intelligence, charisma, confidence, and decisiveness as indicative of leadership potential.
Scholars
Scholars have identified various traits such as
intelligence, charisma, confidence, and decisiveness
Scholars have identified various traits such as intelligence, charisma, confidence, and decisiveness as
indicative of leadership potential.
refers to a transitional period between two leadership regimes,
Interregnum period
The interregnum period refers to a transitional period between two leadership regimes, often marked by
uncertainty and instability.
During such periods, power vacuums emerge, leading to political, social, and sometimes economic turbulence.
Interregnum period
a foundational concept in social sciences, examines the mechanisms through which individuals or groups exert influence over others.
Power theory
Power theory encompasses various perspectives,
structural, relational, and psychological dimensions of power.
Scholars such that have contributed to the rich tapestry of power theory, offering insights into its manifestations and effects on society.
Max Weber, Michel Foucault, and Hannah Arendt
emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to the limitations of trait theories.
Behavioral leadership theories
Notable figures that pioneered this approach, shifting the focus from inherent traits to observable behaviors.
Kurt Lewin, Douglas McGregor, and Chris Argyris
leadership styles and group dynamics laid the foundation for behavioral theories, emphasizing the importance of democratic leadership and participative decision-making.
Lewin’s research
explored how different management attitudes influence employee motivation and productivity.
McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y
traces its origins to the 1960s with the pioneering work of Paul Hersey and Kenneth Blanchard. Initially proposed as the “Life Cycle Theory of Leadership,”
Situational leadership theory
The theory posits that effective leadership depends on the readiness level of followers, which encompasses their ability and willingness to perform a task.
SLT
emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s as a response to the perceived limitations of earlier leadership theories.
Contingency leadership theories
Notable scholars that were instrumental in developing the Contingency leadership theories
Fred Fiedler and Paul Hersey
proposed that the effectiveness of a leader depends on the match between their leadership style and the situation.
Fiedler’s Contingency Model
further expanded on this idea, emphasizing the importance of adapting leadership styles to the readiness level of followers.
Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory
Originated in the 1970s, pioneered by Robert House as an extension of earlier contingency theories.
Path goal leadership theories
also known as Prescriptive Leadership Theories, emerged in the late 20th century as a response to the limitations of descriptive theories.
Normative leadership theories
Notable scholars such as ___ were instrumental in developing these theories. (normative)
Victor Vroom and Philip Yetton
proposed a systematic approach for leaders to determine the most appropriate decision-making style based on situational factors and the degree of follower
Vroom and Yetton’s Normative Decision Model
emerged in the late 20th century, with James MacGregor Burns laying the groundwork in his seminal work “Leadership” in 1978.
Transformational leadership theory
highlighted the distinction between transactional and transformational leadership, emphasizing the latter’s ability to inspire and motivate followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes.
Burns
a style of leadership where the leader possesses exceptional qualities that inspire devotion, loyalty, and enthusiasm among followers.
Charismatic leadership
are often characterized by their ability to articulate a compelling vision, demonstrate confidence and conviction, and exhibit strong interpersonal skills.
Charismatic leaders
has roots dating back to ancient civilizations, but it gained modern prominence in the 20th century through the work of ___
Servant leadership
Robert Greenleaf
proposed a leadership philosophy centered on serving others rather than accumulating power or prestige.
“The Servant as Leader,”
identified two types of traits relevant to leadership:
Jenkins
two types of traits relevant to leadership:
emergent traits and effectiveness traits.
those primarily determined by heredity and include characteristics such as height, intelligence, attractiveness, and self-confidence.
Emergent
considered fundamental components of leadership but are based more on experience or learning rather than heredity.
Effectiveness traits
one example of an effectiveness trait highlighted by Jenkins.
Charisma
