alcohols + haloalkanes

Question 1

properties compared to alkanes

Answer 1

less volatile- H bonds
higher MP - H bonds
greater water solubility- POLAR o-h bond
differences reduce as chain length increases

Question 2

properties alcohol

Answer 2

non polar- H/C electronegativity very similar- weak london forces
O-H bond polar

Question 3

reactions

Answer 3

as chain length increases, quantity of heat produced per mol increases

Question 4

nucleophile

Answer 4

electron pair donor
attracted to electron deficient carbon atom
carbon + charge attracts nucleophiles- replaces halogen (haloalkanes)

Question 5

hydrolysis

Answer 5

chemical reaction involving water/aq sol of hydroxide causing breaking of a bond in a molecule

Question 6

hydrolysis mechanism

Answer 6

OH- approaches C from opposite side to halogen (would repel)
lone OH pair attracted and donated to C (bond forms)
C- halogen bond breaks by heterolytic fission

Question 7

hydrolysis trend

Answer 7

rate increases as strength of C-H bond decreases
C-I is fastest- increases up group

Question 8

measuring rate of hydrolysis

Answer 8

3 test tubes 1cm3 ethanol
few drops 1-c/br/i butane
water bath 60 degrees
test tube AgNO3 in WB
reach constant temp
add AgNO3 to each test tube
start stop watch
observe time taken for ppt to form

Question 9

results of measuring rate of hydrolysis

Answer 9

1-iodobutane forms yellow precipitate rapidly
1-bromobutane, cream precipitate forms slowly
1- chlorobutane, white precipitate forms very slowly