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Chemistry > Alcohols > Flashcards

Alcohols Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the functional group of alcohols?

A

-OH

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2
Q

What is the difference between structural and displayed formula?

A

Structural: The written way of showing every single atom, with what its bonded to, going from left to right

Eg: Methanol: CH₃OH

Displayed: The displayed or drawn molecule

Eg: Methanol
H
|
H - C - O - H
|
H

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3
Q

What are the 2 different methods of making pure ethanol?

A

-Fermentation of sugar
-Hydration of ethene

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4
Q

What is the equation for the fermentation of sugar?

A

C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2

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5
Q

What 4 factors do you need to make ethanol from fermenting sugar?

A

-A sugar solution
-Yeast
-A temperature of about 30°C
-An air trap for the equipment to keep oxygen out

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6
Q

What is the biology behind the fermentation of sugar to make ethanol?

A

There is anaerobic respiration by yeast, which is also a biological catalyst.

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7
Q

What separating method do you use to separate water and ethanol once you ferment sugar?

Why?

A

Fractional distillation.

Because ethanol evaporates at a lower temperature to water.

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8
Q

What is the chemical equation for the hydration of ethene to make ethanol?

A

C2H4 + H2O -> C2H5OH

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9
Q

What is the word equation for the hydration of ethene to make ethanol?

A

Ethene + steam -> pure ethanol

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10
Q

What is the catalyst needed when hydrating ethene to make ethanol?

A

Phosphoric acid.

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11
Q

What 4 factors do you need to make ethanol from hydrating ethene?

A

-Ethene mixed with steam
-A pressure of 60-70 atmospheres
-A temperature of about 300°C
-The mixture passing through a catalyst of phosphoric acid

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12
Q

Why type of reaction is required to make ethanol from ethene?

A

Hydration.

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13
Q

Why does the hydration of ethene require lots of energy?

A

To break the carbon double bond.

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14
Q

What is the rate of the reaction in fermentation of sugar?

A

Slow.

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15
Q

What is the rate of the reaction in hydration of ethene?

A

Fast.

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16
Q

What is the product quality like of fermenting sugar to make ethanol?

A

It must be purified to separate the water from the ethanol, using fractional distillation.

17
Q

What is the product quality like of hydrating ethene to make ethanol?

A

Pure.

18
Q

Is there use of finite resources in the fermentation of sugar to make ethanol?

A

No, it uses replaceable sugar.

19
Q

Is there use of finite resources in the hydration of ethene to make ethanol?

A

Yes, it uses non-renewable oil.

20
Q

What is the word equation for the microbial oxidation of ethanol?

A

Ethanol + Oxygen -> Ethanoic Acid + Water

21
Q

What usually causes the oxidation of ethanol?

A

Yeast cells.

22
Q

What is ethanoic acid also known as?

A

Vinegar.

23
Q

What is the chemical equation for the oxidation of ethanol?

A

C2H5OH -> C2H3OOH

24
Q

What are the 3 optimum conditions for the microbial oxidation of ethanol?

A

-About 30°C
-Presence of yeast
-Presence of oxygen

25
Q

What are the 3 types of oxidation of ethanol?

A

-Complete combustion (burning in air or oxygen)
-Microbial oxidation (reaction with oxygen in the air to form ethanoic acid)
-Chemical oxidation

26
Q

What is the word equation for the combustion of ethanol?

A

Ethanol + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + Water

27
Q

What happens if there is insufficient oxygen in the combustion of ethanol?

A

It will lead to incomplete combustion and carbon monoxide formed instead of carbon dioxide.

28
Q

Define microbial oxidation:

A

Microbes using oxygen in air to oxidise alcohols for energy source (producing ethanoic acid).

29
Q

What 2 other substances are required in the chemical oxidation of ethanol?

A

-Potassium dichromate (VI)
-Dilute sulfuric acid

30
Q

What is formed in chemical oxidation of ethanol?

A

Ethanoic acid.

31
Q

What is the chemical formula for potassium dichromate (VI)?

A

K2Cr2O7

32
Q

What is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO4

33
Q

What is the colour change in the chemical oxidation of ethanol?

A

Orange -> Green

34
Q

Ethanol + Oxygen -> ?

A

Ethanol + Oxygen -> Ethanoic Acid + Water

35
Q

What is the definition of an isomer?

A

When molecules have the SAME molecular formula, but DIFFERENT displayed formulas.

Chemistry (28 decks)

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