alcohol, phenol and ether Flashcards
alcohol phenol and ethers forms by replacing hydrogen of and with ?
all three form by replacing hydrogens of water
ALCOHOL form by replacing one hydrogen of water with alkyl group
PHENOL form by replacing one hydrogen of water by aryl group
ETHER form by replacing both hydrogen of water with alkyl or aryl group
common sanitizer
isopropyl alcohol
phenol and ethers are use as (medical)
phenol as antiseptic and ethers as anesthesia
wood spirit is?
methanol
classification of alcohols (2 types)
ACCORDING TO NO OF OH GRPS
monohydric if one OH and dihydric for 2 and polyhydric for multiple OH
ACCORDING TO ATTACHMENT OF OTHER CARBONS
monohydric alcohol is further classified into
1) primary alcohol is carbon attach to OH is further attach to one more carbon
2)secondary alcohol is carbon attach to OH is further attach to two more carbons
3) tertiary alcohol is carbon attach to OH is further attach to three more carbons
acidity of alcohol, which type more acidic and what ion forms
alcohol is weak acid and primary is more acidic than sec and teriary and makes alkoxide ion
structure of alcohol
tetrahedral, sp3 hybridization, 108 bond angle
name only the methods of prep of alcohol (HHRR)
1)hydration of alkene
2)hydrolysis of alkyl halide
3)reaction of G.R with aldehyde and ketone
4)reduction of aldehyde and ketone
reaction of G.R with aldehyde and ketone gives?
G.R(R-MG-X)
G.R+ Formaldehyde (methanal):
gives primary alcohol
G.R+acetaldehyde (ethanal):
gives secondary alcohol
G.R+acetone (propanone):
gives tertiary alcohol
reduction of aldehydes and ketones give
reduction of aldehyde gives primary alcohol and reduction of ketone gives secondary alcohol.
reactivity of alcohol is bcs of? and which bond breaking is needed for reaction to start
oxygen is electronegative in alcohol due to which polarity is formed between C and O and H and O
reaction in alcohol can start by Breaking bond between C-H or O-H bond
carbon oxygen and oxygen hydrogen bond break by adding?
carbon oxygen bond break by nucleophile
hydrogen oxygen bond break by electrophile
whats lucas reagent and its use
ZNCL2 used to distinguish between prim sec and ter alcohol
what is phenol and its parent compound
OH attached to benzene ring makes phenol
parent compound is monohydroxy benzene aka carbolic acid or benzenol
bond angle of phenol
109
color of pure and impure phenol
pure is white and impure is red crystalline
what ion made by alcohol and phenol
alcohol makes alkoxide ion and phenol makes phenoxide ion
pka value of phenol and sequence of acidity of c.acid alcohol and phenol
10
c.acid>phenol>alcohol
which parts of phenol makes two types of reaction
the OH part go through hydrolysis and esterification they breaks to form salts and esters
aromatic ring part of phenol go through electrophilic substitution reaction
types of electrophilic reactions in phenol (NHS)
1, nitration
2, sulphonation
3,halogenation
nitration sulphonation and halogenation in phenol is example of which type of reaction
electrophilic subs reaction
phenol reacts with dilute nitric acid to form? and with conc HNO3 to form?
wth dilute HNO3 it forms mixture of ortho and para nitrophenol
with conc HNO3 it forms picric acid (2,4,6 TRINITROPHENOL)
sulphonation
phenol reacts with sulphuric acid to give phenol sulphuric acid
diff products in sulphonation w change in temp
in low temp (15 to 20) phenol+H2SO4 gives ortho phenol sulphonic acid
in high temp (100) phenol+H2SO4 gives para phenol sulphonic acid
