ALCOHOL PHARMA Flashcards
STD ALCOHOLIC DRINK
0.6oz alcohol = =12 oz beer =5 oz wine =1.5 oz distilled spirits (40%) blood alcohol levels fall 20mg/dl/h body clears 1oz/3hours
ALCOHOL ENZYMES
EtOH — (ADH) —> acetaldehyde — (acetaldhyde dehydrogenase) —> acetate
broken down by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and mixed function oxidases such as P45011E1 (CYP 2E1)
METADOXINE
enhances metabolic clearance of alcohol
ALCOHOL CNS DEPRESSANT
ADDITIVE EFFECTS BY
barbiturates benzos general anesthetic volatile organic solvents anticonvulsives antihistamines
ALCOHOL ENHANCES
acetaminophen - hepatotix
NSAIDS - GI
MOLECULAR SITES OF ALCOHOL ACTION
GABA and glycine receptors
glutamate activated ion channels
5-HT3 receptors
acetylcholine nicotinic receptors
adenosine triphosphate gated ion channels
potassium and calcium selective ion channels
ALCOHOL ACTION ON NEUROTRANSMITTERS
adenosine dopamine (VTA DA neurons -> DA release in nucleus accumbent, prefrontal cortex +) opioids and other neuropeptides serotonin endocannabinoids (CB1) neuroimmune modulators
ALCOHOL TOXICITY STATES
low levels (10-50mg%) dec anxiety, incr well being, socialness
mod (80-100) impaired judgement/motor function
higher (150-200) ataxia, reduced reaction, blackout
anesthetic (300-400) severe motor impairment, vomiting, loss of consciousness
lethal (400-500) and above