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PSGY1005 Addiction and the Brain > alcohol 1 > Flashcards

alcohol 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

how can harm associated with alcohol be categorised?

A

physical harm

dependence

social harm

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2
Q

identify ways alcohol can cause physical harm

A

physical harm to users

  • infection
  • acute alcohol intoxication injuries
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3
Q

is alcohol more harmful to the user or to others (Nutt et al. (2010)

A

more harmful to user

but causes significant harm to others

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4
Q

identify aspects of acute psychological effects of alcohol

A
  • decreased tension/anxiety (anxiolysis)
  • impaired memory (amnesia, black out)
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5
Q

identify aspects of psychological effects of chronic (excessive) alcohol consumption

A
  • neuropharmacological adaptations (withdrawal, alcohol dependence)
  • severe and chronic cognitive deficits due to brain shrinkage
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6
Q

what is Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?

A

brain shrinkage due to execssive alcohol consumption

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7
Q

outline the primary neuropharmacological targets of alcohol (for non-specific events)

A

neuropharmacology = area of study that focus on action of drugs on the nervous system

  • interactions with lipid bilayer
  • occurs mostly at high levels of alcohol concentration
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8
Q

outline the primary neuropharmacological targets of alcohol (for specific events)

A
  • interactions with ligand-gated ion channels (neurotransmitter receptors)
  • interactions with voltage-gated ion channels
  • this is achieved by common alcohol consumption
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9
Q

what do the primary targets of alcohol include?

A
  • neurotransmitter receptors
  • voltage-gated ion channels
  • this is where alcohol first acts
  • this triggers cascade of synaptic events involving many neurotransmitters
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10
Q

overall, what does acute alcohol tend to dampen?

A
  • dampen neural activity
  • e.g.: stimulation of inhibitory GABA receptors
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11
Q

identify the variables that impact the psychological effects of alcohol

A
  • environmental variables (social cues
  • mood, personality factors
  • age and sex
  • exposure to other drugs
  • dose of alcohol
  • rate of ingestion
  • type of alcohol ingested
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12
Q

describe the effects blood alcohol concentration has on behaviour

(.02-.03)

A
  • minimal effects
  • slight relaxation
  • mild mood elevation
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13
Q

describe the effects blood alcohol concentration has on behaviour

(.05-.06)

A
  • decreased alertness
  • relaxed inhibitions
  • mildly impaired judgement
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14
Q

describe the effects blood alcohol concentration has on behaviour

(.08-.10)

A
  • .08 = legal driving limit
  • loss of motor coordination
  • slower reaction times
  • less caution
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15
Q

describe the effects blood alcohol concentration has on behaviour

(.14-.16)

A
  • major impairment in mental and physical control
  • slurred speech
  • exaggerated emotions
  • blurred vision
  • serious loss of judgement
  • large increases in reaction time
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16
Q

describe the effects blood alcohol concentration has on behaviour

(.20-.25)

A
  • staggering
  • inability to walk or dress without help
  • tears or rage
  • mental confusion
  • double vision
17
Q

describe the effects blood alcohol concentration has on behaviour

(.30)

A
  • near-unconscious
  • unaware of surroundings
18
Q

describe the effects blood alcohol concentration has on behaviour

(.45)

A
  • coma
  • lethal for 50% of population
19
Q

how is alcohol similar to classical anxiolytics?

A
  • alcohol acts as indirect agonist at GABA receptors
  • this enhances response of major inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA
  • reducing anxiety
20
Q

explain comorbidity of anxiety disorders and alcohol abuse

A
  • there is strong comorbidity (having two illnesses at same time) between anxiety and alcohol
  • suggests people who have form of anxiety disorder may self-medicate with alcohol
  • more likely to suffer from alcohol abuse from self-medicating
21
Q

what do animal studies show about anxiety and alcohol?

A
  • alcohol relatively consistently reduces measures of anxiety in rats
22
Q

outline cat odour avoidance test study in beer drinking rats

A
  • beer ingested by rats leads to rats becoming more anxious
  • testing anxiety in rats
  • cat odour presented and measured whether rat would explore this area or not
  • found that when rats consumed more alcohol, they took longer to approach cat odour
23
Q

outline elevated plus maze test study in beer drinking rats

A
  • when alcohol consumed, rats spent longer on open spaces (more dangerous)
  • shows becoming less anxious

PSGY1005 Addiction and the Brain (18 decks)

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