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Bio > Aktyvioji, Pasyvioji Pernaša English > Flashcards

Aktyvioji, Pasyvioji Pernaša English Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is passive transport?

A

Passive transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the need for energy input.

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2
Q

True or False: Active transport requires energy to move substances across a membrane.

A

True

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: In passive transport, substances move from an area of ______ concentration to an area of ______ concentration.

A

high, low

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4
Q

What is the main driving force behind passive transport?

A

The concentration gradient.

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5
Q

Name one type of passive transport.

A

Diffusion.

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6
Q

What is facilitated diffusion?

A

Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that uses carrier proteins to help substances cross the membrane.

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7
Q

True or False: Osmosis is a form of active transport.

A

False

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8
Q

What role do transport proteins play in active transport?

A

Transport proteins help move substances against their concentration gradient using energy.

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9
Q

Which molecule is primarily used for energy in active transport?

A

ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

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10
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is an example of active transport? A) Diffusion B) Osmosis C) Sodium-potassium pump D) Facilitated diffusion

A

C) Sodium-potassium pump

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11
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary active transport?

A

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses the energy from the gradient created by primary active transport.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: In secondary active transport, the movement of one substance ______ the movement of another substance.

A

drives

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13
Q

True or False: Active transport can occur without the presence of a membrane.

A

False

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14
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Endocytosis is a process by which cells engulf substances to bring them into the cell.

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15
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

Exocytosis is the process of expelling materials from a cell by vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane.

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16
Q

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport? A) Diffusion B) Osmosis C) Active transport D) Facilitated diffusion

A

C) Active transport

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17
Q

What is the function of aquaporins?

A

Aquaporins are channel proteins that facilitate the transport of water across cell membranes.

18
Q

True or False: Active transport can move substances against their concentration gradient.

A

True

19
Q

Define concentration gradient.

A

A concentration gradient is the difference in the concentration of a substance between two areas.

20
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the area where the concentration of a substance is higher.

A

source

21
Q

What is bulk transport?

A

Bulk transport refers to the movement of large quantities of materials into or out of a cell.

22
Q

Multiple choice: Which process allows cells to take in large particles? A) Pinocytosis B) Phagocytosis C) Diffusion D) Osmosis

A

B) Phagocytosis

23
Q

What is the role of sodium-potassium pumps?

A

Sodium-potassium pumps maintain the electrochemical gradient by transporting sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.

24
Q

True or False: Passive transport can occur through lipid bilayers.

A

True

25
Q

What type of molecules typically pass through the membrane via simple diffusion?

A

Small, nonpolar molecules.

26
Q

Fill in the blank: Active transport is essential for maintaining _______ within cells.

A

homeostasis

27
Q

What is the significance of the fluid mosaic model?

A

The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of cell membranes, highlighting their fluid nature and the presence of various proteins and lipids.

28
Q

Multiple choice: Which transport process is most likely to occur when a cell is in a hypertonic solution? A) Endocytosis B) Exocytosis C) Osmosis D) Active transport

A

C) Osmosis

29
Q

What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution?

A

The cell swells as water enters the cell through osmosis.

30
Q

True or False: Active transport can only occur in living cells.

A

True

31
Q

What is the purpose of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

A

Receptor-mediated endocytosis allows cells to take up specific molecules based on their interaction with receptors on the cell surface.

32
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ model illustrates the dynamic structure of the plasma membrane.

A

fluid mosaic

33
Q

What is the main difference between osmosis and diffusion?

A

Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water, while diffusion refers to the movement of any substance.

34
Q

Multiple choice: What type of transport is used for glucose uptake in the intestines? A) Active transport B) Passive transport C) Both A and B D) None of the above

A

C) Both A and B

35
Q

What does it mean for a solution to be isotonic?

A

An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solutes as another solution, resulting in no net movement of water.

36
Q

True or False: Carrier proteins change shape to transport substances across the membrane.

A

True

37
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

The plasma membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell, providing protection and support.

38
Q

Fill in the blank: In active transport, the cell often works against the _______ gradient.

A

concentration

39
Q

What is the role of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

A

Cholesterol helps to stabilize the fluidity of the membrane.

40
Q

Multiple choice: Which type of transport is most efficient for moving ions across membranes? A) Passive transport B) Active transport C) Both A and B D) None of the above

A

B) Active transport

41
Q

What is the significance of membrane potential?

A

Membrane potential is important for processes such as nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.

42
Q

True or False: The rate of passive transport can be affected by temperature.

A

True

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