Airspace

Question 1

Class A

Answer 1

Must be IR
Must be on a IFR flight plan
IFR and ADSB-Out equipped
Obviously, no VFR weather mins since you are IFR

Question 2

Class B

Answer 2

Student pilot (w/ an endorsement)
ATC Clearance
2-way radio
Transponder w/ mode C
ADS-B Out

3SM and clear of clouds

Question 3

Class C

Answer 3

Student (w/ endorsement)
IFR: ATC Clearance
VFR: 2-way comms w/ ATC

2-way radio,
Transponder w/ mode C
ADS-B Out

3 SM- 1k’ (above) 500’ (below) and 2k’ horizontal
3-152

Question 4

Class D

Answer 4

Student (w/ endorsement)

IFR: ATC clearance
VFR: 2-way radio comms w/ ATC

2-way radio

3-152

Question 5

Class E

Answer 5

IFR: ATC Clearance
VFR: none

Equipment: above 10k’ MSL excluding below 2.5k’ AGL: Transponder w/ Mode C ADS-B Out

Below 10k’ MSL… 3-152
Above 10k’ MSL… 5-111

Question 6

Class G

Answer 6

Student

No entry requirements

No specific equipment

Below 10k’
Day 1-152
Night 3-152

Above 10k’
5-111

Question 7

What is the speed limit below 10k’?

Answer 7

250 kts IAS

Question 8

What are requirements around wildlife refuges?

Answer 8

Requested to maintain 2k’ above

Question 9

What are the minimum VFR altitudes?

Answer 9

Anywhere- if a power unit fails, an emergency landing without undue hazard to persons or property on the surface.” And no person may operate an aircraft in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property of another.

congested area- 1000’ above the highest obstacle w/in a 2k’ radius

Non-congested area- 500’ above the surface and may be 500’ to any person, vessel, vehicle, or structure

Question 10

What is Special VFR (SVFR)

Answer 10

*pilot must request it

Sunrise to sunset:
1 SM flight visibility (should be using ground visibility, but if not reported then use flight visibility)
Clear of clouds

@night you must be qualified for IFR and your plane

Question 11

How do you avoid wake turbulence?

Answer 11

Land past where the aircraft in front you lands or request another runway

Question 12

LAHSO

Answer 12

Land and hold short operation… pilot can reject. If you accept you must land short or go around

Question 13

What is the VFR flag on the sectional?

Answer 13

VFR reporting and/or checkpoint that be used to relay your location to the tower

Question 14

What is the maximum elevation figure (MEF)?

Answer 14

Highest peak w/ in the quadrant… min of 101’ of clearance, 200’ of man-made obstacles

Question 15

Victor Aiways

Answer 15

Victor Airways- IFR aeronautical charts depict VOR airways (airways based on VOR or VORTAC NAVAIDs) in black, identified by a “V” (Victor) followed by the route number (e.g., V12).

Question 16

Jet routes

Answer 16

Jet routes are depicted in black with a “J” identifier followed by the route number (e.g., “J12”) and are based on VOR or VORTAC NAVAIDs.

Question 17

Low Altitude RNAV Routes (T-Routes)

Answer 17

Low altitude RNAV only routes are identified by the letter “T” prefix, followed by a three digit number (T-200 to T-500).

RNAV routes are depicted in aeronautical blue, as well as the RNAV route data.

Question 18

High Altitude RNAV Routes (Q-routes)

Answer 18

RNAV “Q” Route MEAs are shown when they are above 18,000 feet. All RNAV routes and associated data is charted in aeronautical blue.

Question 19

Helicopter RNAV Routes (TK Routes)

Answer 19

Two helicopter RNAV routes (TK-routes) exist in the northeast corridor between the Washington, DC, and New York City metropolitan areas. The TK-routes are for use by helicopters having IFR-approved Global Positioning System (GPS)/Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) equipment.

Question 20

Military Training Routes (MTRs)

Answer 20

Military can fly at any speed they want to fly on their routes… excess of 250 kts

Typically grey shaded..

Call FSS to find out if they are active or not.

3 digit # -above or below 1500’ AGL
4 digit # -below 1500’ AGL (4 on the floor)

VR- visual conditions
IR- instrument conditions

Question 21

Prohibited Airspace

Answer 21

Prohibited Airspace is simply that area within which the flight of Aircraft is prohibited

Violating prohibited Airspace without a clearance is grounds for interception and follow-on legal action

Question 22

Restricted airspace

Answer 22

You can fly through at times other than the posted times or permission from controlling agency

Hazards unusual, often invisible aerial gunnery, etc…

Think of this airspace as “may be hazardous to your health.” For example, flying through a restricted area can put you over a section of Area 51 where black helicopters will be soon escorting you down to a local field.

Question 23

Warning Area

Answer 23

Warning area anytime you want to fly in there… b/c they are in international water

Warning areas are a type of special use airspace that contains “activity that may be hazardous to nonparticipating aircraft.” Warning areas can be found over domestic or international waters.

Warning areas are normally found along our coastal borders and extend outward 12 nautical miles. If warning areas are in international airspace, the United States does not have sole jurisdiction of said airspace.

If possible, keep it simple and avoid flying through a warning area. If you absolutely need to fly through a warning area, use the information on your chart to contact the controlling agency and confirm if the area is active. You can also call the FSS to confirm.

Warning areas show up on charts with the letter “W,” an associated number, and a hashed blue border.

Question 24

Can you fly through an MOA?

Answer 24

ATC will route IFR traffic through if they can, if not, they will route around.

VFR is allowed and you do not have to contact ATC, but it would not be smart do so if it is active

Question 25

Alert area

Answer 25

Stay alert… a lot of training… no special permission required to enter this airspace.

Military has student pilots flying jets.

Question 26

National Security Areas

Answer 26

National Security Areas (NSAs), or as they are sometimes jokingly called, “No Such Area Exists,” are established over ground facilities that are of a sensitive nature that requires additional safety and security.

Pilots are “requested to voluntarily avoid flying through the depicted NSA.” While avoiding NSAs is usually only strongly recommended, flight in NSAs can also be temporary prohibited. If a temporary regulatory prohibition is issued it will be sent out via NOTAM.

Look for NSAs on your charts with thick, dashed magenta lines.

Question 27

Temporary Flight Restrictions (TFRs)

Answer 27

Need permission to fly though…

Question 28

What are your light gun signals?

Question 29

What are the squeak codes for emergencies?

Question 30

What are VFR requirements above 10k’ and 1,200’ AGL?

Answer 30

5 miles vis + 1 mile +1k’ above + 1k’ below + 1 mile horizontally