Air Traffic Services Flashcards
When does a pilot need to contact ATS?
2 cases for clearance and 3 for other reasons
Clearance
* Before manuerovuing at a controlled aerodrome
* Before entering class C or D airspace
Other
* Request access to MOA where ATC is the controlling authority
* Before entering a GA area that requires prior notification
* Cancel or Amend SARTIME
When is it recommended a pilot contacts ATC?
- When the ATC service could help
- To request a Notam or weather update
When must a pilot report position to ATC?
3 cases
When not under radar control
* At mandatory reporting points ( not to exceed 30 minutes )
* Initial contact with each ATC unit
* When requested by ATC
When should VFR do a position report?
3 cases
- During cross country
- TWR for local flights
- Include the SSR ( squawk code ) if given a discrete one.
What is AFRU?
Automated Freq. Response Unit
Used to ensure pilots are on the right freq.
* Voice recording - if excessive time between last comms
* Tones/Beeps
Difference between AWIB and ATIS?
And what info is provided?
7 things ( dew/temp is one )
AWIB is not provided by ATS - therefore not required to meet the same level of accuracy as ATIS.
Provides more limited info:
* Runway in use
* Operational Info
* Wind Direction
* Visibility
* Cloud Cover
* Temp/Dew point
* QNH
What do light signals mean?
In AIP VOL 4
What is TIBA?
In AIP Vol 4
Covers emergencies for ATS
- Ideally is introduced by NOTAM
- Pilots should follow ATS instrcutions
- Look at the MAP for the TIBA regions
- Used if CHCH is executed.
When TIBA is in use, when should pilots do updates?
How do pilots hear?
4 for Naviation and 4 for Altitude
Pilots should have a listening watch, for the Frequency in their area.
Pilots need to do updates:
Naviation
* 10 minutes before entering airspace
* 10 minutes prior to crossing any reporting point
* 10 minutes between reporting points
* 10 minutes prior to crossing or joining any ATS Routes
Altitude
* Where possible 2 - 5 minutes before alt change
* At time of Alt Change
* When reaching new Alt
* Any other time considered by the pilot
When is Clearance required and who by?
3 cases - on the gorund and in the air
- Before operating in the Manouvering Area. ( people, equipment and aircraft )
- IFR Flight entering Class C or D
- VFR Flight entering Class C or D
When is clearance considered in effect?
Once the readback is complete.
Note: Issuance of a squawk code does not = clearance
What is the pilot responsibilities?
What happens if a pilot requests something that contravenes a CAR? ( 3 things )
Clearance is only valid in controlled airspace
Clearance does not remove responsibilities for compliance with all other CARs and regs
If a pilot requests something to contravene CAR. ATC will
* Provide all known info to pilot
* Issue clearance based on ATM
* Log and airspace incident report.
When can ATC clearance be withheld?
3 cases
It will not be withheld unless:
* Traffic reasons
* ATC can not accomodate due to limits of equipment, environment, procedures or other factors
* Non-payment of Airways Dues (applys to requests for manuering area )
What can a pilot do if the ATC Clearance is not acceptable?
- request alternative
Note: ATC cleareance is required for all IFR flights in or portion of controlled airpsace.
Clearance will only be provided AFTER the submission of a flight plan
When does a pilot not need to follow ATC instructions in a CTA or CTR?
2 cases
- If manuervering due to TCAS, TWAS or GPWS.
- If deviation is needed, must notify ATC as soon as possible.
- Do not need to comply if it will result in a breach of CARs - must notify immediately
What is required when operating at aerodrome with FIS?
It’s not control - so advise not clearance
Advise:
* Prior to operating in manuovering area
* Landing and take-off
* Entering circuit
If no radio Advise:
* Prior to taxings
* Prior to entering the circuit
For Controlled Airspace ( A,B,C,D,E,G) what is required to operate in them?
Class A
* Operating under IFR
* Unless otherwise authorised, two-way radio is required
Class B,C,D
* Two way radio is required
Class E
* Two way radio for IFR
If there is overlap, least restrictive applies.
Class E and G
* Clearance is not required
* Other airspace becomes class G if ATC is not on duty
When is seperation provided by ATS?
IFR
* Class A,C,D
* Not in class D if flights are cleared to climb or descend visually during daylight hours
IFR - VFR
Class C only
IFR - SVFR
always
**SVFR **
When vis is < 5km
Finally all aircraft at controlled aerodromes where wake turbulence seperation is applicable
When is seperation not provided?
( in controlled airspace )
Other cases.
AND when aircraft is manuervering for TCAS/TWAS etc. ( best effort to re-establish will be provided afterwards )
In C and D when can horizontal and/or vertical seperation be reduced?
( 7 requirements )
- Daylight hours only and VMC
- Both pilots can see other aircraft at all times
- Both pilots agree
- Requested by 1 pilots
- Pilots have direct comms with ATC
- No possibility of mistaken identication
- Postive confirmation of Traffic in sight
Wake turbulence- distance when flying behind A380, Heavy, Medium
A380 - 8NM
Heavy - 6NM 136,000 MCTOW or more.
Medium -5NM 7,000 - 136,000
Light < 7,000 MCTOW
Wake turbulence - Wait in minutes - same runway point - A380, Heavy, Medium
A380 - 3 mins
Heavy - 2 mins
Medium - 2 mins
Light < 7,000 MCTOW
Wake turbulence - Wait in minutes - Intersection runway point/arriving - A380, Heavy, Medium
A380 - 4 mins
Heavy - 3 mins
Medium - 3 mins
Light < 7,000 MCTOW
When is wake turbulence seperation applied?
5 cases
- Laterally 0.5NM and less than 1,000 ft below
- Cross Behind - less than 1,000 ft below
- Same runway
- Paralell runway < 760m apart
- Pilots request increased seperation
Radar Services
* How is it provided ( 2 types )
* When is collision support not provided?
PSR and SSR
- No provided if no transponder installed and beyond the PSR in a mandatory transponder zone
Difference and priorities between Radar Control and Radar Flight Info
Radar control - takes priority. Control is used in call sign
Radar Flight Info - informaitonal only. “Radar is used in the Call Sign”
Both provide to VFR in C and D airspace
Is Radar service provided to VFR in G airspace?
No. Except:
* Emergency is declared.
* Even then will only provide assistance and navigational assistance
If the pilot does not believe they can stay clear of terrain the must inform the ATC unti.
