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PPL - Law > Air Traffic Services > Flashcards

Air Traffic Services Flashcards

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1
Q

When does a pilot need to contact ATS?

2 cases for clearance and 3 for other reasons

A

Clearance
* Before manuerovuing at a controlled aerodrome
* Before entering class C or D airspace

Other
* Request access to MOA where ATC is the controlling authority
* Before entering a GA area that requires prior notification
* Cancel or Amend SARTIME

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2
Q

When is it recommended a pilot contacts ATC?

A
  • When the ATC service could help
  • To request a Notam or weather update
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3
Q

When must a pilot report position to ATC?

3 cases

A

When not under radar control
* At mandatory reporting points ( not to exceed 30 minutes )
* Initial contact with each ATC unit
* When requested by ATC

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4
Q

When should VFR do a position report?

3 cases

A
  • During cross country
  • TWR for local flights
  • Include the SSR ( squawk code ) if given a discrete one.
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5
Q

What is AFRU?

A

Automated Freq. Response Unit
Used to ensure pilots are on the right freq.
* Voice recording - if excessive time between last comms
* Tones/Beeps

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6
Q

Difference between AWIB and ATIS?
And what info is provided?

7 things ( dew/temp is one )

A

AWIB is not provided by ATS - therefore not required to meet the same level of accuracy as ATIS.
Provides more limited info:
* Runway in use
* Operational Info
* Wind Direction
* Visibility
* Cloud Cover
* Temp/Dew point
* QNH

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7
Q

What do light signals mean?

A

In AIP VOL 4

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8
Q

What is TIBA?

A

In AIP Vol 4
Covers emergencies for ATS

  • Ideally is introduced by NOTAM
  • Pilots should follow ATS instrcutions
  • Look at the MAP for the TIBA regions
  • Used if CHCH is executed.
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9
Q

When TIBA is in use, when should pilots do updates?
How do pilots hear?

4 for Naviation and 4 for Altitude

A

Pilots should have a listening watch, for the Frequency in their area.
Pilots need to do updates:
Naviation
* 10 minutes before entering airspace
* 10 minutes prior to crossing any reporting point
* 10 minutes between reporting points
* 10 minutes prior to crossing or joining any ATS Routes

Altitude
* Where possible 2 - 5 minutes before alt change
* At time of Alt Change
* When reaching new Alt
* Any other time considered by the pilot

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10
Q

When is Clearance required and who by?

3 cases - on the gorund and in the air

A
  • Before operating in the Manouvering Area. ( people, equipment and aircraft )
  • IFR Flight entering Class C or D
  • VFR Flight entering Class C or D
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11
Q

When is clearance considered in effect?

A

Once the readback is complete.

Note: Issuance of a squawk code does not = clearance

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12
Q

What is the pilot responsibilities?
What happens if a pilot requests something that contravenes a CAR? ( 3 things )

A

Clearance is only valid in controlled airspace

Clearance does not remove responsibilities for compliance with all other CARs and regs

If a pilot requests something to contravene CAR. ATC will
* Provide all known info to pilot
* Issue clearance based on ATM
* Log and airspace incident report.

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13
Q

When can ATC clearance be withheld?

3 cases

A

It will not be withheld unless:
* Traffic reasons
* ATC can not accomodate due to limits of equipment, environment, procedures or other factors
* Non-payment of Airways Dues (applys to requests for manuering area )

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14
Q

What can a pilot do if the ATC Clearance is not acceptable?

A
  • request alternative

Note: ATC cleareance is required for all IFR flights in or portion of controlled airpsace.
Clearance will only be provided AFTER the submission of a flight plan

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15
Q

When does a pilot not need to follow ATC instructions in a CTA or CTR?

2 cases

A
  • If manuervering due to TCAS, TWAS or GPWS.
  • If deviation is needed, must notify ATC as soon as possible.
  • Do not need to comply if it will result in a breach of CARs - must notify immediately
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16
Q

What is required when operating at aerodrome with FIS?

A

It’s not control - so advise not clearance
Advise:
* Prior to operating in manuovering area
* Landing and take-off
* Entering circuit

If no radio Advise:
* Prior to taxings
* Prior to entering the circuit

17
Q

For Controlled Airspace ( A,B,C,D,E,G) what is required to operate in them?

A

Class A
* Operating under IFR
* Unless otherwise authorised, two-way radio is required

Class B,C,D
* Two way radio is required

Class E
* Two way radio for IFR

If there is overlap, least restrictive applies.

Class E and G
* Clearance is not required
* Other airspace becomes class G if ATC is not on duty

18
Q

When is seperation provided by ATS?

A

IFR
* Class A,C,D
* Not in class D if flights are cleared to climb or descend visually during daylight hours

IFR - VFR
Class C only

IFR - SVFR
always

**SVFR **
When vis is < 5km

Finally all aircraft at controlled aerodromes where wake turbulence seperation is applicable

19
Q

When is seperation not provided?
( in controlled airspace )

A

Other cases.
AND when aircraft is manuervering for TCAS/TWAS etc. ( best effort to re-establish will be provided afterwards )

20
Q

In C and D when can horizontal and/or vertical seperation be reduced?
( 7 requirements )

A
  • Daylight hours only and VMC
  • Both pilots can see other aircraft at all times
  • Both pilots agree
  • Requested by 1 pilots
  • Pilots have direct comms with ATC
  • No possibility of mistaken identication
  • Postive confirmation of Traffic in sight
21
Q

Wake turbulence- distance when flying behind A380, Heavy, Medium

A

A380 - 8NM
Heavy - 6NM 136,000 MCTOW or more.
Medium -5NM 7,000 - 136,000
Light < 7,000 MCTOW

22
Q

Wake turbulence - Wait in minutes - same runway point - A380, Heavy, Medium

A

A380 - 3 mins
Heavy - 2 mins
Medium - 2 mins
Light < 7,000 MCTOW

23
Q

Wake turbulence - Wait in minutes - Intersection runway point/arriving - A380, Heavy, Medium

A

A380 - 4 mins
Heavy - 3 mins
Medium - 3 mins
Light < 7,000 MCTOW

24
Q

When is wake turbulence seperation applied?

5 cases

A
  • Laterally 0.5NM and less than 1,000 ft below
  • Cross Behind - less than 1,000 ft below
  • Same runway
  • Paralell runway < 760m apart
  • Pilots request increased seperation
25
Q

Radar Services
* How is it provided ( 2 types )
* When is collision support not provided?

A

PSR and SSR

  • No provided if no transponder installed and beyond the PSR in a mandatory transponder zone
26
Q

Difference and priorities between Radar Control and Radar Flight Info

A

Radar control - takes priority. Control is used in call sign
Radar Flight Info - informaitonal only. “Radar is used in the Call Sign”

Both provide to VFR in C and D airspace

27
Q

Is Radar service provided to VFR in G airspace?

A

No. Except:
* Emergency is declared.
* Even then will only provide assistance and navigational assistance

If the pilot does not believe they can stay clear of terrain the must inform the ATC unti.

PPL - Law (9 decks)

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