Aims and hypothesis Flashcards
Define what a hypothesis is
A precise testable statement that states the relationship between variables to be investigated. Stated at the outset of the study.
Define a directional hypothesis
It states the direction of the difference or relationship. The researcher makes a guess as to what they expect to happen. Includes language like ‘more than/less than’ ‘faster/slower’ etc.
Define a non-directional hypothesis
Does not state the direction of the difference or relationship. Simply says there will be a difference between conditions or groups, but the nature of that difference is not specified.
Define a null hypothesis
A statement of no difference of correlation.
When would you use a directional hypothesis?
When previous research has suggested a particular outcome.
When would you use a non-directional hypothesis?
When there has either been no previous research or previous research has been conflicted.
What is another name for a directional hypothesis?
One-tailed hypothesis.
What is another name for a non-directional hypothesis?
Two-tailed hypothesis.
What are the golden rules for hypothesis writing?
- Must include all conditions
- Work out the IV, DV and conditions
- Write the conditions in full
- Operationalise the DV
- Write the task.
Define a dependant variable
The variable measured by the researcher.
Define an independent variable
Some aspect of the experiment that is manipulated by the researcher or changes naturally.
What does it mean to operationalise?
To make countable.
What is the aim?
A general statement stating what the researcher is intending to investigate.
