AIM Chapter 2 Lights and Visual Aids Flashcards
Three bar VASI provides glide slope indications at what approach angles?
3 degrees and 1/4 degree higher
2-1-2(a)(2)
Two bar VASI installations provide a visual glide path set at ______ degrees
3 degrees
2-1-2(a)(2)
The upper glide path for a tri color VASI is intended for whom?
Use only by high cockpit aircraft
2-1-2(a)(2)
How far out is a VASI visible during the day? At night?
3-5 miles day
20 miles night
2-1-2(a)(4)
How far is a PAPI visible during the day? At night?
5 miles day
Up to 20 at night
2-1-2(b)
How far out does a VASI provide obstruction clearance?
+/-10 degrees of runway centerline out to 3.4sm
A PAPI provides how much obstruction clearance?
+/-10 degrees and 4sm
2-1-2(b)
2 bar VASI above, on, below glideslope indication
White over white
Red over white
Red over red
Figure 2-1-2
Tricolor VASI useful range
1/2-1 mile day
5 miles night
2-1-2(c)
Tricolor VASI above, on, slightly below and below glideslope indication
Amber Green Amber Red 2-1-2(c)
Useful range of pulsating VASI
4 miles day
10 miles night
2-1-2(d)
Pulsating VASI above, on, slightly below, below glideslope indication
Pulsating white Steady white Steady red Pulsating red 2-1-2(d)
Useful range for Alignment of Elements approach path system
3/4 miles
2-1-2(e)
What is the purpose of REIL
Provide rapid and positive identification of the approach end of a particular runway
2-1-3
REIL
Runway End Identifier Lights
Pair of synchronized flashings lights located laterally on each side of the runway threshold
2-1-3
PAPI indications
High- 4 white Slightly high- 3 white, 1 red On glide slope- 2 red, 2 white Slightly low- 1 white, 3 red Low- 4 red Figure 2-1-5
HIRL
High Intensity Runway Lights
2-1-4(a)
MIRL
Medium Intensity Runway Lights
2-1-4(a)
LIRL
Low Intensity Runway Lights
2-1-4(a)
What color are runway lights?
White until the last 2,000’ or second half of the runway, whichever is less, then yellow
2-1-4(b)
How far apart are runway centerline lights?
50’
2-1-5(a)
What color are Runway Centerline Lights?
White until the last 3000’
Alternating red and white until the last 1000’
Red for the last 1000’
2-1-5(a)
Describe Touchdown Zone Lights
Two rows of transverse light bars disposed symmetrically about the runway centerline. They are steady burning white lights 100’ from the threshold and extend to 3,000’ or the midpoint whichever is less.
2-1-5(b)
What color are Taxiway Centerline Lead-off Lights? Where are they located?
Alternate green and yellow lights, beginning with green from the runway centerline to one center line light position beyond the runway holding position.
2-1-5(c)
What color are Land and Hold Short lights? Where are they located?
Row of pulsing white lights installed across the runway at the hold short point
2-1-5(e)
RWSL
Runway Status Light System
Automated system system that provides information to pilots when it is unsafe to enter, cross, takeoff from, or land on a runway
2-1-6
When using pilot controlled lighting, how long are the lights illuminated for?
15 minutes from the most recent time of activation
2-1-9(b)
How do you activate the highest intensity lighting?
7 clicks in 5 seconds
Table 2-1-3
How do you activate medium intensity lighting?
5 clicks in 5 seconds
Table 2-1-3
How do you activate the lowest intensity lighting?
3 clicks in 5 seconds
Table 2-1-3
What is the suggested procedure for pilot controlled lighting?
Initially 7 clicks, then adjust when overflying or just prior to entering the final segment of an approach
2-1-9(c)
Beacons for airports, landmarks and Federal airways flash ______ per minute
24-30 times per minute
2-1-10(a)(1)
Beacons for heliports flash _______ per minute
30-45 times per minute
2-1-10(a)(2)
Color of land airport beacon
White and Green
2-1-10(b)(1)
Color of water airport beacon
White and Yellow
2-1-10(b)(3)
Color of heliport beacon
Green, Yellow, and White
2-1-10(b)(5)
Color of military airport beacon
White, White, Green
2-1-10(c)
Operation of the airport beacon during daylight hours indicates what?
Ground visibility is less than 3 miles or
Ceiling is less than 1,000’
2-1-10(d)
Color of taxiway edge lights
Blue
2-1-11(a)
Color of taxiway centerline lights
Green
2-1-11(b)
Clearance Bar Lights purpose and color
Increase the conspicuity of the holding position
Three in-pavement steady burning yellow lights
2-1-11(c)
Runway Guard Lights discription
Pair of elevated flashing yellow lights on either side of pavement or row of in-pavement yellow lights installed across the taxiway at the runway holding position
2-1-11(d)
Stop Bar Lights
Row of red, unidirectional steady-burning in-pavement lights installed across the taxiway at the runway holding position and elevated steady-burning red lights on each side
2-1-11(e)
Can a pilot cross an illuminated stop bar?
No
2-1-11(e)
Purpose, color and description of Code Beacons
Flash the airport identifier in morse code Flash 6-8 times per minute Green for land airports Yellow for water airports 2-2-2(a)
Flashes per minute for Obstruction Lights
20-40
2-2-3(a)(1)
Aviation orange and white is required on structures exceeding ________
500’
2-2-3(a)(2)
Aviation orange and white is not normally installed on structures less than _______
200’
2-2-3(a)(2)
When ________ is installed red obstruction lights and aviation orange and white paint may be omitted
High Intensity White Obstruction Lights
2-2-3(a)(3)
High intensity flashing white lights which identify supporting structures flash how often?
60 times per minute
2-2-3(c)
High intensity flashing white lights which identify tall structures flash how often?
40 times per minute
2-2-3(d)
Color of runway markings
White
2-3-2(b)
Runway Aiming Point Markers are ________ from the threshold
1000’
2-3-3(d)
4 Runway stripes
60’ wide
Table 2-3-2
6 Runway stripes
75’ wide
Table 2-3-2
8 Runway stripes
100’ wide
Table 2-3-2
12 Runway stripes
150’ wide
Table 2-3-2
16 Runway stripes
200’ wide
Table 2-3-2
Width of a threshold bar
10’
2-3-3(h)(2)
How is a Displaced Threshold indicated?
White arrows located along the centerline in the area between the beginning of the runway and the displaced threshold. White arrowheads are located just prior to the threshold bar across the width of the runway
2-3-3(h)(2)
Purpose and size of Demarcation Bar
Delineates a displaced threshold from blast pad.
3’ wide
Yellow
2-3-3(i)
Chevrons indicate what? What color are they?
Areas unusable for landing, takeoff or taxi
Yellow
2-3-3(i)(1)
Description of taxiway centerline
Continuous yellow line
6”-12”
2-3-4(b)(1)
Description and location of enhanced taxiway centerline
Parallel line of yellow dashes on either side of normal taxiway centerline
Max of 150’ prior to runway holding position
2-3-4(b)(2)
Continuous double yellow taxiway edge marking indicates what?
Define the taxiway from abutting surface not intended for use by aircraft
2-3-4(c)(1)
Dashed double yellow taxiway edge marking indicates what?
An operational need to define the edge of a taxiway edge and the abutting surface is intended for use by aircraft.
2-3-4(c)(2)
Color of surface painted taxiway direction signs
Yellow background with a black inscription
2-3-4(e)
Color and location of surface painted locations signs
Black background with yellow inscription
Right of the centerline
2-3-4(f)
Description of Position markings
Black inscription, centered on a pink circle with a white inner ring and a black border
2-3-4(g)
Runway Holding Position Markings
Indicate where aircraft is supposed to stop
4 yellow lines, 2 solid and 2 dashed 6” or 12” apart
Solid lines on the side where aircraft is to hold
2-3-5(a)
Description of VOR Receiver Checkpoint Marking
Painted circle with an arrow in the middle
Arrow is aligned in the direction of the azimuth
2-3-6(b)
Permanently closed runway markings
Threshold, runway designation, and touchdown markings are obliterated
Yellow crosses placed at each end of the runway at 1,000’ intervals
2-3-6(d)
Temporarily closed runway and taxiway markings
Yellow crosses placed on the runway at each end of the runway
Yellow crosses may be raised
2-3-6(e)
Description of runway holding position sign
White inscription on a red background
2-3-8
Description of location sign
Black background with yellow inscription and yellow border
2-3-9
Description of direction signs
Yellow background with a black inscription
2-3-10
Runway distance signs
Back background with white numeral inscription
Distance of landing runway remaining
Last sign 950’ from the end of runway
2-3-13
Width of taxiway centerlines
6”-12”
2-3-4(b)(1)
Airport and heliport beacons are most effective how far above the horizon?
One to 10 degrees above the horizon
2-1-10(a)
Stop bar lights are used below what visibility?
1200’ RVR
2-1-11(e)
NOTAM reading 10/28 W 900 CLSD
Identifies a portion of that runway is closed
When are surface painted taxiway signs provided?
When it’s not possible to provide taxiway direction signs at intersections
What is the purpose of geographic position markings?
Used to identify location of taxiing aircraft during low visibility operations
2-3-4(g)
