Agnatha Quiz Flashcards by Rebecca Wood

What does Agnatha mean?

no jaw

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What traits do all agnatha have?

Chordate traits
Verbrata traits (gill slit  and cranial bones)

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Which era did Agnatha live in?

Ordovician Era

Era of fish

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What phylum are we in?

chordata

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Wht comes after chordata?

Subphylum craniata

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What comes after Craniata?

Verbrata

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What comes after Verbrata?

Myxini

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What are the characteristics of Myxini?

hagfish
nearly blind but smells and touches good
Eats clams and snails but mostly decaying material
Uses its tongue as mouth
uses mucus to slide into a dead fish
lacks verbrata traits

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WHat does Myxini mean?

slime

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What comes after Myxini?

Petromyzotida

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What are the characteristics of Petromyzotida?

Lamprey
Lots of teeth
As larva it filter feeds 
Then it swims down stream
Then its parasitic
Then swims upstream
Is Vertabrata

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What does petromyzotida mean and what was its old name?

Stone sucking

Cephalospidomorphia

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What group is branched from petromyzotida?

Ansipids

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What comes after petromyzotida?

Osteatroan

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What comes after osteatroan?

herterostacan

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What three groups make up the osteoderms?

ansipids
osteotroan
herterostacan

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What characterists do osteoderms have?

bottom dwellers (benthic)
eat bacterial carpet
extinct

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What does osteoderms mean?

bone shell skin

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What comes after osteotroan?

elasmobrachii

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What is the other name of for elasmobrachii?

plated gills

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What characterists make up elastobranchii?

sharks, skates, rays
have placoid scales made of denten and enamle
small short intestine with spiral valve that slows down the food for digestied
copes with undigested food
Liver is boyant through oil in the liver
Detects eletric fields in water through ampulae of lovrenzini
Has three types of reproduction
Plated gills
Cartilege Operculum

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What are the 3 types of reproduction in elastobranchii?

Viviparous: Live birth; live birth through placenta or uterne milk
Ovoviiparous: egg in womb; retain in womb until live birth
Oviparous: egg laying; fertilzed eggs live in yoke sack

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What is the branch off of Elasmobrachii?

holocephai

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What is the common name for holocephai?

complete head
rat fish
Is chimarus with operculum (gills that are covered upU and shark traits

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What groups are in chondrichthyes?

Elasmobranchii | Holocephai

What groups are in Agnatha?

``` Verbrata myxini petromyzotida ansipids osteotroan herterostacan ```

What does chondrichthyes?

cartlige fish

What are the characterists of chondrichthyes?

have jaws | gill supported cartilage is modefided for jawas

What is gnathostomeita?

jawed mouth

What era did chondrichthyes live and how did this start adaptive radiation for sharks?

Devonian Era Mass extinction swims freely adaptive advantage

What two words could be used interchangilbly?

Craniata Verbrata

WHat are the four parts of the cranium?

Top: neurocranium Top jaw: palatoquadrate Side bone: Hymandiibular Bottom jaw: Meckels

What comes after placoderm?

Around earlier thn elasmobranchii | THick large plates

What is ossify?

to turn boney

What groups are in Osteichthyes?

Placoderms Acanthodians Neopterygii

When did boney skeleton start?

Placoderms

When did Operculum start?

Acanthodians

What does the operculum and jaw do?

Operculum closes for water to go into the mouth | Operculum opens for water to go out and oxygen gets into the blood

What are operculums?

closes the gill slits

What does the extra oxygen and bone need to keep neurtral boyancy?

air is gulped into the swim bladder through capilaries and blood to keep boyancy

Whhen did Swim Bladder Start?

Neopterygii

What comes after Acanthodians?

Neopterygii

Placoids scales?

tooth like | old

Ganoid scales?

Bone like | old

3-C Sclaes?

Finger Nail like newer they are shedable

What are the changes in the tail?

Diphycercal (eel like)(like one big bone) Heterocercal (shark) (one side is bigger) Homocercal: symetrical tail (Christian Fish)

How is a heterocercal useful?

It makes it go upwards to gather water for sharks

What are the 4 subgroups of Neopterygii?

Cladista (branch) Chondrostei Teleostei Holostei

WHat are the characteristics of Cladista?

``` have a lung found only in the Nile River Have thick ganjoid scales to t Has fins that radiate out without overlapping Can be terestrial Commonly called bichirs (dragon fish) ```

What are the characteristics of chondrostei?

Bone coatesd cartilage | not

WHat does Neopterygii mean?

new fins

What are the characteristics of neopterygii?

ALl bones have thin bone shell

What groups are classified as gnathostomeita?

``` Elasmobrancii Holocephai Placoderm Acanthodians Neopterygii Cladista Chondrostei Teleostei Holostei ```

What groups are osteichthyes?

``` Placoderm Acanthodians Neopterygii Cladista (branch) Chondrostei Teleostei Holostei ```

What characteristics make up placoerms?

Large thick boney Exoskeleton plates | Ossified Skeleton

What characteristics make up Acanthodians?

small thin bony exoskeleton plates | Operculum

What does Neopterygii mean?

New fins

Holostei?

COmplete bones

What is Actinopterygii?

Ray fins

Teleostei?

Wht comes after Neopterygii?

Actinistia

What does Actinistia mean?

Coelacanths

What branch is in Actinistia?

Dipnoi

What is a Dipnoi?

Lungfish

What subgroup is Actinistia in?

Fleshy Fins

What is the first lung like?

A second stomach

What is after actinistia?

Tetrapods

What does tetrapods mean?

4 feet

What are the characteristics on actinistia?

uses oiled filled notochord instead of swim bladder really cold 3 segmented tail

Where can dipnoi live?

Land and sea

gnatha?

jaw

Petro?

stone

Myzontida?

sucking

Elasmobrchii?

platted gill

Chondr?

Cartilage

Neo?

New

Sarco?

Fleshy

Pterygii>

fins

ichthyes?

fish

Actino?

Ray

What group is sarcopterygii?

Actinistia | Dipnoi