Aggression

Question 1

Aggression

Answer 1

Intent to harm/outside the rules; hostile behaviour

Question 2

Assertion

Answer 2

Well-motivated behaviour within the rules

Question 3

Factors of aggression

Answer 3

• Uncontrolled
• Intent to harm
• Outside the rules
• Reactive

Question 4

Factors of Assertion

Answer 4

• Controlled
• No intent to harm
• Within the rules
• Motivated

Question 5

Theories of Aggression

Answer 5

ASIF
Aggressive Cue Hypothesis 
Social Learning Theory 
Instinct Theory 
Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis

Question 6

The Aggression Cue Hypothesis

Answer 6

• Suggests that aggression is caused by a learned trigger
• Such pre-learned cues, learned from the coach or other players trigger the aggressive response. For example coach may allow aggressive behaviour (e.g elbow) to gain position when a corner is being taken. The taking of a corner is a learned cue for an aggression response

Question 7

Social Learning Theory

Answer 7

• Aggression is learned from experience, coaches, role models and significant others
• Aggressive will be copied if reinforced (e.g player sees team captain foul an opponent and the opposing player is put off their game)
• Bandura suggested that children will copy aggressive behaviour of adults, especially in a live situation

Question 8

Instinct Theory

Answer 8

• The aggression response is innate
• Aggression is a product of our evolution and will surface when provoked (defending territory)
• Players use sport as an outlet for built up aggressive energy
• Catharsis - cleaning the emotions using sport as an outlet for aggression

Question 9

Frustration Aggression Hypothesis

Answer 9

• Aggression is inevitable when frustrating circumstances cause our goals to be blocked (e.g ref’s decision)
• If the aggressive tendency can be released, catharsis may occur. If the aggression cannot be released, even more aggression can occur

Question 10

Strategies to prevent Aggression

Answer 10

• Don’t reinforce aggressive acts in training
• Punish players with fines, sub them
• Mental rehearsal reduces arousal (teach cognitive techniques)
• Teach relaxation / stress management
• Set goals on performance not outcome
• Reinforce Assertion
• Highlight non-aggressive role models
• Fair play awards