Aggression 1

Question 1

Hostile aggression is motivated by…

Answer 1

Anger, hostility or wanting to hurt the other person

Question 2

Define situational determinants

Answer 2

Influences in environment that increase aggression

Question 3

List external influences (5)

Answer 3

Heat, media/video games, weapon presence, social rejection, income inequality

Question 4

Define income inequality

Answer 4

Difference in % of wealth owned by richest people and poorest people in any society

Question 5

The relationship between heat and aggression can be described as…

Answer 5

Higher temp - more aggression. Violent crimes reach maximum in summer. Increased blood pressure, increased blood to fighting body parts. Increases physiological arousal

Question 6

How can the media affect aggression?

Answer 6

Social learning theory (Bandura), modelling + observational learning. More aggressive after media exposure

Question 7

What is the effect of cartoon violence on aggression?

Answer 7

Cartoon violence can lead to as much observational learning as real people violence

Question 8

State the 3 factors that increase aggression

Answer 8

If person identifies with who they’re watching, if person focuses on violence whilst watching. If violence is justified e.g. against criminals.

Question 9

Explain Berkowitz & LaPage’s study on weapon presence

Answer 9

Male ppt + actor worked on problems then took turns evaluating. Ppts either shocked once or multiple. Ppts took turns to provide shocks - either nothing, badminton racket, revolver and shotgun. If already angry, weapon presence increases aggression

Question 10

Name the 3 reasons for income inequality

Answer 10

Social rejection (those at bottom feel left out), lack of cohesion (us vs them mentality), violent competition (pressure males into fighting)

Question 11

State the 2 big theories surrounding aggression

Answer 11

Frustration-aggression theory and neo-associationistic account of aggression

Question 12

Describe frustration-aggression theory

Answer 12

Frustration when goals are blocked

Question 13

Which things increase amount of frustration expected? (4)

Answer 13

How completely goal progress is blocked, how frequently goal progress is blocked, how close you were to achieving goal how satisfying you thought achievement would feel

Question 14

Define the scapegoat theory

Answer 14

Tendency to blame someone else for own problems

Question 15

Describe the neo-associationistic account of aggression

Answer 15

Aversive event - pain, heat, goals blocked. Anger - perceived injustice, thoughts of attack, elevated arousal. Aggression - attacked physically, harming someone emotionally. Construal changes how people respond to goals being blocked

Question 16

Summarise Harland & Sears study on lynchings and cotton

Answer 16

Negative strong correlation between price and cotton and lynchings of blacks. Price went down = economy worsened and lynchings went up

Question 17

List the critiques of frustration-aggression theory (2)

Answer 17

Frustration is not necessary for aggression. Hostile aggression can arise due to heat, pollution e.t.c. Frustration is not sufficient for aggression - same stimuli that trigger aggression can also trigger other responses. Learned helplessness

Question 18

Summarise Burnstein & Worchel’s research on maths problems

Answer 18

Worked on maths problems. Confederate disrupted either because they weren’t paying attention or hearing aid malfunctioned. Only kicked out if not paying attention (construal matters).