Age Related Macular Degeneration

Question 0

Non exudative ARMD?

Answer 0

1. Common type ARMD (90%)
2. Slowly progressive loss of visual function

Funduscopy
I. Drusen btwn RPE & Bruch’s membrane
II. RPE atropy: depigmentation RPE, clump of focal hyper&hypopigmentation

Question 1

What is ARMD

Answer 1

Degenerative changes are concentrated in at the macula thus only central vision is lost

Question 2

Exudative ARMD?

Answer 2

10% of ARMD

Fundoscopy:
I. Choroidal neovascularization
II. Serous detachment of overlying RPE and retina, hemorrhage, lipid percipitate into subretinal space
III. Elevated subretinal mass d/t fibrous metaplasia

Question 3

Risk factor of ARMD?

Answer 3

1. Increased age
2. Female
3. Family history
4. Smoking

Question 4

Features of ARMD?

Answer 4

1. Progressive central visual loss (central scotoma)
2. Metamorphopsia d/t macula edema
3. Painless

Question 5

Investigation ARMD?

Answer 5

1. Amsler grid

2. Fundus fluorescein angiogram to acess degree of neovascularization, new vessel dye leak

Question 6

Treatment dry ARMD

Answer 6

1. Monitor Amsler grid
2. Low vision aid
3. Anti oxidant
4. Sunglasses

Question 7

Treatment for wer ARMD?

Answer 7

1. Laser photocoagulation for neovascularization

2. Intravitreal injection of anti-angiogenesis growth factor (lucentis - ranibizumab)