Age of Reform Flashcards
Who were the Progressives?
Middle class urban Americans
Define Progressivism
Non Partisan middle class group that works for the expansion of democracy, social justice, and an end to corruption
Clayton Act
Exempted unions from antitrust laws
Sherman Act
Illegal to restrain trade. Made to be used against competition, but ended up being used against labor unions.
Leading progressive reformers
Wilson, TR, Lofolett
Watchdog agencies of progressive era
ICC
Federal reserve
FDA
16th amendment
Income tax
17th amendment
Direct election of senators
18th amendment
Prohibition
19th amendment
Woman’s suffrage
20th amendment
Lame duck
21st amendment
Repeals prohibition
Federal Reserve System
Regulates money supply
Federal Farm Loan Act
Gave long term low interest loans to farmers
Federal Trade Comission
Enforcer of the Sherman act
Food and Drug Administration
Meat inspection act
Interstate Commerce Commission
Hepburn Act - Allow ICC to set freight rates if fair rates aren’t made
Influence of Populists
Represent the interests of the ordinary people
Omaha Platform
Australian Ballot - Secret ballot Primary elections Democratic reforms Income tax 8 hour workday
Medicare
Heath insurance for poor
New Deal
Government becomes a caretaker
Initiative
Power of a citizen to propose a law
Referendum
Issue that is put to the vote of the people
Recall
Special election to remove an official from office
Postal Savings Banking System
Proposed by Taft, pilot program for FDIC
Meat Inspection Act
Put into affect because of the book ‘The Jungle’, which called for a reform in the meat packing industry
Pure Food and Drug Act
Created the FDA
Newlands Reformation Act
First conservation law
Wisconsin Idea…Primary
First environmental law geared on irrigation. Used land in the west to build dams and canals
Hepburn Act
Allows ICC to set freight rates if freight rates aren’t achieved
Australian Ballot
Secret ballot
Transportation Act
Beginning of the interstate highway system
Smith Lever Act
Aid to Farmers
Smith Hughes Act
First federal law to aid education. Vocational edcucation
Platform
What a party stands for
The alignment of 1912
TR split the part and Wilson ended up winning
Muckrakers
Writers who exposed problems in industrialized America
Social security act
Makes the government our caretaker
New Right of the 1980s
Raegan said we needed to scale back on government intervention
Jacob Riis
Wrote about ghettos and slums in our cities
Ida Tarbell
“The history of standard oil”
John Spargo
“The bitter cry of children”
Lincoln Steffens
“The sham of the cities”
Upton Sinclair
“The Jungle”
Rachel Carson
“Silent Spring”
David Graham Philips
“The treason of the senate” Led to the 17th amendment
Ray Stanard Baker
“Following the color line”
Helen Hunt Jackson
“Century of Dishonor”
Stewart Udall
“The quiet crisis”
Purpose behind 17th amendment
Direct election of senators
Intended to stop corruption
Wilson’s conservatism on social issues
Failure to up hold civil liberties in WWII
Alice Paul
Hardcore rioter who got locked up and tortured.
Rioted outside of the white house
Clarence Darrow
Lawyer
Helped establish American Civil Liberties Union
Jane Addams
Helped establish American Civil Liberties Union
Eugene v. Debs
Head of the Pullman strike. Went to jail and ran for president from there.
Conservation
Wise use and management of natural resources.
Preservation
Leaving areas untouched, pristine
The fundamental weakness of Progressivism
Failure to uphold civil liberties
John Muir
Preservation, preferred national parks
Liberal
Favors active government
Conservative
Minimal government involvement
TR Direct Actionist
TR used his popularity to preach to Americans. Led congress instead of letting them lead him.
Taft-TR Split
Taft aced very conservatively, and TR didn’t like it
Sedition acts
Example of how Wilson and progressives didn’t uphold civil liberties