Age across the continuum: focus on poverty and education

Question 1

What is the difference between morbidity, mortality and co-morbidity?

Answer 1

MB - illness or disease (morbid) often reported as a rate/ proportion of population
MR - death (mortal) often reported as a rate/ proportion of population
CM - more than 1 illness at the same time

Question 2

What is the difference between prevalence and incidence?

Answer 2

P - # of occurrences of a condition in a population at specified point in time
I - # of NEW occurrences of a condition in a population over a specified period of time

Question 3

Why is suicide in the top 10 of deaths in canada?

Answer 3

• because of different stressors

Question 4

What is cultural transmission?

Answer 4

process by which children and newcomers become acquainted with the dominant cultural beliefs, values, norms and knowledge

Question 5

What are the 3 pathways associated with education and health?

Answer 5

1. education is associated with health determinates
2. better education means more opportunities
3. education increase overall health literacy

Question 6

What are some barriers to education?

Answer 6

• indigenous and low-income youth under-represented at post secondary
• immigrants/ minorities are low income = bad quality of life
• increased tuition

Question 7

What are the 3 major categories affecting growth and development?

Answer 7

• internal genetic/ natural forces
• environment/ context
• interaction of 1+2

Question 8

What are the 3 effects of early childhood development?

Answer 8

• latency effects
• pathway effects
• cumulative effects

Question 9

Explain latency effect.

Answer 9

• early childhood experiences predispose children to good or poor health regardless of later life circumstances
• biological processes of pregnancy associated with poor maternal diet, stress …
• low birth rate

Question 10

Explain pathway effects.

Answer 10

• exposure to risk factors may not have an immediate effect to health but show up later
• behavioral and learning problems

Question 11

Effects cumulative effects.

Answer 11

• children: longer exposure to social/ maternal deprivation = more likely adverse affects
• accumulated disadvantage can lead to cognitive and emotional deficits
• child’s success is from self-confidence

Question 12

What is job security influenced by?

Answer 12

• experience (able to gain meaningful employment at a young age)
• skills
• union membership
• benefits
• pension

Question 13

What is security?

Answer 13

a sense of well-being or control, or mastery over one’s activities and development

Question 14

what are the 5 work dimensions that shape health outcomes?

Answer 14

1. employment security
2. physical conditions at work
3. work pace and stress
4. working hours
5. opportunities for self-expression

Question 15

What are the 6 aspects affecting employment and health?

Answer 15

1. intensification of work
2. non-standard work hours
3. precarious work (temp/ contract workers = poorer working conditions)
4. job insecurity
5. income insecurity
6. employment insecurity

Question 16

what are the 5 health risks with young adults?

Answer 16

1. family history = genetics
2. accidental death and injury = accidents/ suicide
3. substance use/ abuse
4. unplanned pregnancy
5. sexually transmitted infections

Question 17

Physical changes in middle adulthood.

Answer 17

• significant changes
• function is same at 40 and 20
• menopause

Question 18

What are the 7 primary health care concerns for middle age adults?

Answer 18

• stress reduction
• obesity
• anxiety
• depression
• longer recovery time from illness
• development of chronic illness
• chronic illnesses affect roles and responsibilities

Question 19

What is the national prevention council’s six priorities?

Answer 19

1. tobacco free living
2. preventing drug abuse and excessive alcohol use
3. healthy eating
4. injury and violence-free living
5. reproductive and sexual health
6. mental and emotional well-being

Question 20

What is advance care planning (ACP)?

Answer 20

a process of reflection and communication in which people express their wishes for their future health/ personal care.

Question 21

What are the positives of ACP?

Answer 21

• decrease aggressive life-sustaining treatment
• increase use of hospice and palliative care
• prevent hospitalization
• increase compliance with patients’ end-of-life wishes