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Cardiology > AF > Flashcards

AF Flashcards

1
Q

What are PIRATES triggers of AF?

A 
PE
Ischaemia
Resp disease
Atrial enlargement (mitral valve pathology)
Thyroid
Ethanol
Sepsis/Sleep apnoea
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2
Q

What does the QRS look like in AF?

A

Narrow
Irregularly irregular
Tachy
Heart failure due to poor filling

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3
Q

What are signs and symptoms of AF?

A

palpitations, dizzy, SOB, anxious, chest pain, rapid irregular pulse, bibasal creps, raised JVP, tremor, sweat

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4
Q

How do emboli form in AF?

A

Blood pools in atria

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5
Q

What is the differential for an irregularly irregular pulse?

A

Ventricular ectopics

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6
Q

What are the management principles in AF?

A

Rate vs Rhythm

Anticoagulation

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7
Q

When do you control rate in AF?

A 
Always UNLESS
Reversible cause
New onset (48 hours)
Heart failure caused
Symptomatic despite rate control
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8
Q

How do we control rate in AF?

A
  1. BB (Atenolol)
  2. CCB (Diltiazem)
  3. Digoxin (ONLY sendentary patients)
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9
Q

When do you control rhythm in AF?

A

Reversivle cause
New onset (48 hours)
Heart failure
Add onto rate control

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10
Q

What is the aim of rhythm control?

A

Return them to normal sinus rhythm- CARDIOVERSION

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11
Q

How long should you anticoagulate stable patients for before cardiversion?

A

3 weeks

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12
Q

How is pharmacological cardioversion done in AF?

A

Flecainide

Amiodarone

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13
Q

How is electrical cardioversion done in AF?

A

Sedation/GA

Cardiac defib

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14
Q

How is AF controlled long term?

A

BB for rhythm control long term after cardioversion

Amiodarone if heart failure or LV dysfunciton

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15
Q

What is paroxysmal AF?

A

Comes and goes in episodes
Still anticoag based on CHA2DS2VASc
“Pill in pocket” Flecainide

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16
Q

Name 3 DOACs

A

Apixabam
Dabigatran
Rivaroxabam

17
Q

What is the score for assessing whether a patient with AF should be on antocoag?

A

CHA2DS2VASc

18
Q

What is relevant score with CHADS2VASC?

A

1= consider

>1 anticoagulate

19
Q

What does CHADS2VASC stand for

A 
Congestive heart failure
HTN
Age (2) >75
Diabetes
Stroke or TIA (2)
Vascular disease
Age 65-74
Sex (F)
20
Q

What is HAS BLED used for?

A

Risk of bleeding on anticoag

21
Q

What is in HAS BLED?

A 
HTN
Abnormal renal or liver function
Stroke
Bleeding
Labile INR on Warfarin
Elderly
Drugs/Alc

Cardiology (15 decks)

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