AETIOLOGY & PATHOGENESIS

Question 1

AEGTIOLOGY

Answer 1

• disease caused by 1 / more broad mechanism:
• genetic abnormalities (inherited/acquired)
• infection by microorganisms e.g. bacteria, virus
• chemicals
• physical traumas

Question 2

PATHOGENESIS

Answer 2

• Origin and development of disease
• used to classify the nature of disease

Question 3

INFLAMMATION

Answer 3

tissue response to tissue damage e.g. trauma or infection

Question 4

ABNORMAL IMMUNE MECHANISMS

Answer 4

undesirable response normally protective immune system: allergic response trigger = antigen e.g. hayfever

the autoimmune response body response mistake attack the body cells

Question 5

THROMBOSIS, EMBOLISM, INFRACTION

Answer 5

effects & consequences of abnormal changes in blood/blood vessel wall

THROMBOSIS: blood clot inside the vessel
EMBOLISM: blockage of blood vessels by travelling mass (blood clot)
INFRACTION: death of tissue after its blood supply has been blocked

• if the heart is affected could = a heart attack
• if the brain is affected it could = a stroke

Question 6

DEGENERATION

Answer 6

• steady deterioration of the body
• tissue/structure with time = associated with lose of function
• associated normally with age or disease

Question 7

METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES

Answer 7

• biochemical processes ongoing in living cells
• failure or abnormalities in metabolic pathways may significantly impact on health, e.g. diabetes

Question 8

METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES

Answer 8

• inherited/caused by environmental factors e.g exposure to ionising radiation