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Philosophy > Aesthetics and Politics Definitions > Flashcards

Aesthetics and Politics Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Aesthetics

A

branch of philosophy that studies what is art and what isn’t and what is beautiful and what isn’t

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2
Q

Objectivism

A

believes that the beauty of a work of art is an intrinsic and objective property found in the object we are contemplating

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3
Q

Subjectivism

A

believes that the criterion to distinguish beauty from ugliness is found in the people who value art

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4
Q

Symbolism

A

believes that the value of an artistic work lies in its power to suggest various interpretations of reality

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5
Q

Canon

A
  • Greek word for “rule” or “model” used as a standard for precise perfection, so therefore it represents beauty
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6
Q

A work of art

A

human creation that has been elaborated for the purpose of creating beauty

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7
Q

How do we achieve the aesthetic experience?

A

We must be able to be moved by beauty

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8
Q

Utopia

A

the description of a non-existent world in which society is organized in a model and ideal way

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9
Q

Eu

A

Greek word meaning “good”

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10
Q

Aristotle Philosophy Type

A

realist, helimorphist and empiricist

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11
Q

Monarchy

A

power is exercised by a single individual

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12
Q

Aristocracy

A

government depends on a group of people

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13
Q

Democracy

A

power resides in the majority of the people

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14
Q

Tyranny

A

corruption of monarchy government
when the monarch is interested in their individual benefit and not the good of the people

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15
Q

Oligarchy

A

corruption of Aristocracy
when the government benefits only its group interests

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16
Q

Demagogy

A

corruption of democracy
when the majorities abuse their power and do not respect the minorities

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17
Q

Plato’s political thought type

A

normative

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18
Q

Corruption

A

governments that only are interested in the benefiting themselves/the people ruling them

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19
Q

Dystopia

A

a hypothetical society which political design has taken away people’s freedom and dignity

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20
Q

Totalitarian Regime

A

a political system in which the State exercises unlimited power over all areas of life, without respect for the freedom of individuals

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21
Q

Anarchism

A

a political theory that rejects the existence of the state, criticizing how the state oppresses individuals

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22
Q

Legitimate Political Power

A

when those who must obey it recognize that it is validly exercised

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23
Q

Society according to Sophists (2)

A
  • society is a human creation, invented to facilitate our life in common
  • society has an artificial origin, because it is the result of an agreement
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24
Q

Hylomorphism (Aristotle)

A

hile = soul, matter
morfe = form, shape

people are different from each other based on their soul

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25
Q

Natural

A

Necessary

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26
Q

Greek Ethics and Politics (2)

A
  • considers ethics and politics to be closely linked.
  • ethics analyzes the conditions of individual happiness, politics studies how society should be organized to ensure a good life for all
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27
Q

Principle of Equality (2)

A
  • all people should enjoy rights and the greatest possible freedom
  • the only thing that can limit our rights and freedoms is respect for the rights and freedoms of others
28
Q

Principle of Difference

A

Social differences are only fair when they produce a benefit for all individuals, including the most disadvantaged

29
Q

Original Position

A

Rawl’s idea of a group of people coming together to form a society focused on primary social goods (basic + economic and social advantages)

30
Q

Veil of Ignorance

A

In order for Rawl’s utopia to exist, each person would have a “veil of ignorance”, making them unaware of what categories they fell under that could bias them

31
Q

State of Nature

A

a state of freedom, due to a lack of societies and governments

32
Q

John Locke philosophy type

A

Empiricist and contractualist

33
Q

Social Contract

A

the relationship between people and their government

34
Q

Thomas Hobbes philosophy type

A

Empiricist, absolutist and contactualist political philosopher

35
Q

Contractualism

A

the idea that society originated by agreement

36
Q

Liberalism (2)

A
  • a political idea based on the freedom of individuals
  • believed that state power must have limits and be based on consent
37
Q

Rousseau Philosophy Type

A

Rationalist and contactualist political philosopher

38
Q

Absolutism

A

a style of government in which the state has all the power and exercises sovereignty personally

39
Q

Subjects

A

the people over who a government exercises its power

40
Q

Fascism

A

an aggressive nationalist movement that aspires to organize society in a hierarchical manner, including complete obedience to the leader’s orders

41
Q

Communism

A

a political theory that aspires to liberate human beings from capitalist exploitation, which it believes causes social injustices and inequalities

42
Q

Fourth-Generation Rights

A

rights are those associated with new technologies, such as the right to access the Internet or the right to have control over our data in the digital world

43
Q

General Will

A

Rousseau’s idea that humans should give up their individual desires and work towards what is best for the society as a whole

44
Q

Formalism (2)

A

the value of a work of art lies in its form

the fundamental element of a work of art is its structure and composition

45
Q

Expressionism

A

the value of a work of art is from its ability to evoke emotions in the viewer

46
Q

Plato opinion of Art

A

art was unimportant, as he only cared about the real

47
Q

Mimesis

A

imitation of reality

48
Q

Aristotle Technique of Art

A

teaching the skill of how to produce a work of art

49
Q

Pythagoras on Music

A

a reflection of the mathematical harmony that sustains the cosmic order

50
Q

Moral de Señores/Morality of the Lords (5)

A
  • Nietzsche’s theory of the ideal man of the future who gives himself values/morality
  • far superior to all other human beings psychologically
  • independent individual
  • anti religious, makes his own rules
51
Q

Schopenhauer Philosophy Type

A

Realist and pessimist philosopher

52
Q

Romanticism

A

18th century aesthetic

53
Q

Kant Philosophy Type

A

Transcendental idealist

54
Q

Aesthetics, art and science had a ……..

A

formalist revolution

55
Q

Beauty for Kant (5)

A
  • formalist, the form most important
  • beauty is demonstrated by being universal
  • discussed in his book Critique of Judgment
  • a work of art is based solely on its beauty
  • beauty is objective
56
Q

Replacement of Theocentrism

A

European culture abandoned medieval theocentrism to pay greater attention to the human being (anthropocentrism)

57
Q

Art Critic

A

a specialist who is dedicated to informing the public by comparing and evaluating the works created by artists

58
Q

Art Market

A

Grew in the 19th century from increased interest, taste and appreciation for art

59
Q

Sublime

A

A frightening and awe-inspiring manifestation of natural forces that was valued by Romantic artists as a new form of beauty

60
Q

Aesthetic Judgments

A

Kant’s word for statements in which we express our evaluation of a work of art

61
Q

Aura

A

what makes an artwork attractive and makes it move us

62
Q

Apollonian Art

A

Nietzsche’s idea of art that is light, clear, rational and well organized

63
Q

Dionysian Art

A

Nietzsche’s idea of art that is irrational, chaotic and dark

64
Q

Plato philosophy type

A

Rationalist and Realist

65
Q

Plato philosophy type

A

Rationalist and Realist

66
Q

John Rawls philosophy type

A

deontological

Philosophy (14 decks)

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