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Religious Studies > ADVANCED INFORMATION MUSLIM BELIEFS > Flashcards

ADVANCED INFORMATION MUSLIM BELIEFS Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the Five Roots of ‘Usul ad-Din of Shi’a Islam?

A
  • Tawhid
  • Adl
  • Nubuwwah
  • Imamah
  • Mi’ad
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2
Q

Define Tawhid?

A

God is one

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3
Q

Who are the most prominent prophets?

A

The most prominent prophets included: Adam, Ibrahim (Abraham), Isma’il, Musa (Moses), Dawud (David), Isa (Jesus), and Muhammad. The nature and importance of prophethood for Muslims are called Risalah.

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4
Q

What do Shi’ah Muslims believe about ‘Adl (Divine Justice)? What does ‘Adl mean?

A

Meaning divine justifice.

Allah is just and fair and can do no wrong. Humans are accountable to God

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5
Q

What do Shi’ah Muslims believe about Mi’ad?

A
  • The good will be sent to paradise and the wicked to hell
  • Every action a person does good and bad are judged by angle, Kiraman Katibin (two noble scribes) on their shoulders
  • Day of Judgement
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6
Q

What do Shi’ah Muslims believe about Imamah?

A
  • Successors to Muhammad
  • The belief that Allah appointed Imams or leaders to guide humanity and be a source of Authority.
  • Most Shi’a believed that there were 12 imams after the death of Muhammad, known as Twelvers. Some believe there were seven, known as Seveners
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7
Q

What were the purpose and importance of the Five Roots of ‘Usul ad-Din of Shi’a Islam?

A
  • Unites all Shi’a Muslims

- They are the fundaments of Shi’a Islam

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8
Q

What similarities are there between Sunni and Shi’a Beliefs?

A
  • Both believe in the oneness of Allah. (Tawhid)
  • Both believe that Muhammad is Allah’s prophet. (Nubuwwah)

-Both believe that a day will come where all are judged and the righteous go to
heaven and the bad to hell. (Akirah/Mi’ad)

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9
Q

What are the key differences between Sunni and Shi’a Beliefs?

A

-Sunni Muslims believe that Muhammad alone was given knowledge from Allah, so
Muslims must emulate to the best of their extent the life of the Prophet.

-Shi’a Muslims believe that Allah gave knowledge to the first caliph,
‘Ali, and that
this knowledge has been passed down from imam to imam.

-The leadership of Islam is passed down from family generation in Shi’a Islam, whereas leadership is passed down to the best suited and most capable in Sunni Islam.

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10
Q

Who are Shi’ah Muslims?

A
  • Shi’a’s are a smaller group than Sunnis. (10%)
  • Shi’a Muslims believe that leadership should be inherited from Muhammad’s family.

-Ali, the fourth Sunni Caliph, is seen as the first Shi’a Imam and the only legitimate
leader, appointed by Muhammad.

-When Ali died in 661CE the imamate was passed down through succession

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11
Q

How do Muslims acknowledge that God is the greatest being?

A

Muslims acknowledge this idea in prayer and throughout the day each time they
say “Allahu Akbar”, which means “God is the greatest”.

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12
Q

How many names do Muslims have for God?

A

There are 99 names for God.

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13
Q

Why do Muslims have more than one name for God?

A
  • Each name reveals something different about Allah.

- Muslims try and learn all these names so that they can better understand Allah.

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14
Q

Name three qualities of Allah

A
  1. omnipotent (all-powerful)
  2. omniscient (all-knowing)
  3. omnipresent (everywhere at the same time)
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15
Q

What do Muslims believe about Allah and justice?

A

Allah is equitable, just and beneficent (Adalat).

-Allah judges all people.

-In daily prayers, Muslims refer to God as merciful. God understands human
suffering and knows how difficult it is to live according to God’s demands.

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16
Q

Muslims believe that Allah’s presence in the world is both immanent and transcendent. What does this mean?

A
  • Allah is both immanent and transcendent
  • Although Muslims believe that God is the greatest, He is also close to his people.

-The way to describe this is to say that God is immanent (near) and also
transcendent (beyond this world).

  • Only God can be both at once.
  • God is not restricted or limited by the physical world.
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17
Q

What does the word Islam mean?

A
  • The word Islam means submission and peace.
  • Muslims believe that they should peacefully surrender to the will of Allah in their lives and that following the will of Allah will bring peace
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18
Q

What does the word Allah mean?

A
  • God
  • God is One and only.
  • There is nothing else like God.
  • No one can picture God and there is nothing to compare Him to.
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19
Q

How do Muslims express their belief that there is only one God?

A
  • Shahadah.

- They say “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is his messenger.”

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20
Q

Why are there no images of Allah?

A
  • In a Mosque, there are no images of Allah as Allah is perfection and is considered to be beyond human understanding and therefore cannot be portrayed in image or idol form.
  • Believing in more than one God is a big sin.
  • This is the only sin that Allah will not forgive.
  • It is disrespectful and shirk
21
Q

What do Muslims say when they hope for something?

A

-Muslims will say ‘Inshallah’, which means if God is willing.

-They are hoping that what they want to do is also the will of God, which would
mean that it is a good thing for them to be doing.

22
Q

What are the 8 characteristics of Allah present in the Qur’an?

A
  • Tawhid (oneness of God)
  • Immanence (idea that Allah is close and involved within the world)
  • Transcendence (idea that Allah is above and beyond human understanding)
  • Omnipotence (all-powerful)
  • Benficence (idea that Allah loves and cares about his creation)
  • Mercy
  • Fairness and Justice
  • Adalat
23
Q

What do Muslims say about Muhammad in the Shahadah?

A

The 2nd half of the
-Shahadah says that Muhammad is God’s prophet.

  • Muhammad should NOT be confused with Allah.
  • Muhammad is respected as a prophet but not worshipped.
24
Q

Can you name any prophets which are shared across religions?

A

Many of the prophets in the Hebrew and Christian Bibles are shared by Islam too.

  • Abraham (Ibrahim)
  • Moses (Musa)
  • Jesus (Isa)
  • Adam
25
Q

Why are prophets important?

A

Because Allah is so beyond human understanding, the prophets play an important role in helping mankind to understand God.

26
Q

How many prophets are there, and what are important prophets also known as?

A
  • Muslims believe that there have been over 120,000 prophets.
  • Only 25 of these prophets are mentioned in the Qur’an.
  • These important prophets are called messengers.
27
Q

Who is Adam the prophet?

A
  • Muslims believe that Adam was the first prophet.
  • He was the first man, created by God in his own image.
  • He is believed by some to have first built the Ka’aba, (House of God). Others believe it was built by Ibrahim.
28
Q

Who is Abraham the prophet?

A
  • The ancestor of Muhammad.
  • Ibrahim was tested by God and proved his faith by being prepared to sacrifice his first son, Ishmael.
  • Ibrahim rejected worshipping more than one God.
29
Q

Why is Muhammad significant as a prophet?

A

-All previous prophets prepared the way for
Muhammad.

  • Muhammad is the greatest and final prophet
  • His teachings and practices in the Hadith are the basis of Islamic law.
  • Teachings given to Muhammad were organised and have been written to form the Qur’an.
30
Q

Define Risalah?

A

Muslim word for prophethood or messengers of Allah

31
Q

Define Rasul?

A

Prophets whose message has been written down in the Qur’an or other kutubs (holy books).

32
Q

Why is Adam significant as a prophet?

A
  • First prophet
  • His role was to look after the world
  • His actions teach Muslims, that they too should look after and care for Allah’s creation.
33
Q

Why is Ibrahim significant as a prophet?

A
  • He had come before Muhammad and is believed to be the first to encourage people to worship Allah.
  • The act of Ibrahim and his willingness to sacrifice his very own son, who he loved so dearly and was in tears due to Allah’s instructions, teaches Muslims to submit to Allah in their lives.
  • In Ibrahim’s time, people practised idolatry. Ibrahim refused to worship idols and would only worship one God, Allah. He is known as a hanif, which is a person who lived before Muhammad and who was totally committed to worshipping only one God.
34
Q

Why is Isma’il significant as a prophet?

A
  • He was associated in creating the Ka’bah in Makkah alongside his father, who is also a prophet, Ibrahim.
  • He is well-known and praised for characteristics such as patience, kindness and his selflessness. He is significant in Islam, showing Muslims that they too should develop these characteristics.
  • It is believed that Ibrahim rebuilt the Ka’ba following the great flood.
35
Q

Why is Musa significant as a prophet?

A
  • Musa taught that there is one God at a time when Muslims were practising idolatry (which is shirk in Islam- one of the greatest sins which Allah, who is all-forgiving, cannot forgive).
  • Musa is thought to have been the only prophet that Allah spoke to directly.
  • Musa is known as Moses in Judaism and Christianity.
36
Q

Why is Dawud

significant as a prophet?

A
  • Dawud is known for his bravery and wisdom, , showing Muslims that they too should develop these characteristics.
  • The Qur’an states that Dawud killed Jahut, known in the Bible as Goliath, and that because of this, God made him a king (Surah 2:251).
  • He received the Zabur, a book of psalms, which was revealed by God.
  • He is called David in Judaism and Christianity.
37
Q

Why is Isa significant as a prophet?

A
  • Isa is an important prophet in Islam. He was born miraculously to the most admired woman in Islam, Maryam (Mary), who was a virgin.
  • Isa is known as Jesus in Christianity. However, in contrast to Christians, Muslims do not believe that Isa was crucified and resurrected, or that he was the son of God.
  • Muslims believe that the Prophet Isa will return to Earth just before the Day of Judgement.
38
Q

What is Muhammad known as?

A

He is known as the ‘Seal of the Prophets’. This means that Muslims regard Muhammad as Allah’s final messenger and received the final message from Allah- the Qur’an

39
Q

Why is Muhammad

significant as a prophet?

A
  • He is very important as Muslims are taught from a young age that they should follow the example set by Muhammad.
  • He is very important as Muslims believe he brought the final and perfect message in the form of the Qur’an.
40
Q

What do Sunni Muslims believe about free will?

A
  • Some Sunni Muslims believe that as God’s will is supreme, He controls everything - including what everyone does. Everybody already has a destiny.
  • However, free will is still possible as humans don’t know what Allah wants from them - humans find free will in working out what Allah wants.
41
Q

What do Shi’a Muslims believe about Free will?

A
  • Allah knows everything that is going to happen
  • His knowledge does not impact human choice.
  • As a result of this belief, Allah will judge all people on the Day of Judgment for the choices they have made throughout their lives.
42
Q

Define Al-Qadr?

A

Al-Qadr is the concept that Allah knows everything and has already decided everything that will happen. This is called predestination.

43
Q

Is Al-Qadr accepted by Sunni or Shia muslims?

A

Sunni

44
Q

Why is Al-Qadr important?

A

As it cause Muslims to constantly be aware of their thoughts, beliefs and actions in order to ensure they behave how Allah wants them to- they will try to follow the duties given to them by Allah (e.g. the 5 pillars).

45
Q

How does the understanding of predestination differ between Shi’a and Sunni muslims?

A 
Shi'a Muslims believe that Allah
can change a person's destiny
according to the actions they
decide to take. For instance,
Allah may have destined for
you to die at the age of 70,
but if you are a good person
and have a positive influence
on others, Allah may decide
to grant you a longer life. This
means that a person's actions
can change their destiny.
Sunni Muslims believe that
while a person has many
choices in life, their destiny is set
and known by Allah. This does
not mean that their freedom
is taken away, but that Allah
already knows what choices
they will make. For instance,
a parent may already know
their child will always choose
chocolate over fruit, but it's still
the child making the choice.
46
Q

How is Al-Qadr linked with Akhirah?

A

Al-Oadr has a close connection with the akhirah (life after death, when the Day of Judgement takes place) and reminds Muslims that they must answer for what they have done in this life.

47
Q

What does Prophet Muhammad’s name mean?

A

The most praised

48
Q

Who is the most important prophet and why?

A

Prophet Muhammad SAW, as he received the final revelation (Qur’an) from Allah.

49
Q

What is the arabic name for the two noble scribes?

A

Kiraman Katibin

Religious Studies (20 decks)

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