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Henry Schein > ADTA Modules > Flashcards

ADTA Modules Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Teeth

A

The six front teeth in both the upper and lower jaw

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2
Q

Cuspid

A

commonly referred to as the canine or eye tooth, a single-cusped tooth positioned behind the lateral incisors

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3
Q

Central Incisor

A

The two front teeth on either side of the midline, on the upper and lower jaw whose primary function is to cut and tear food

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4
Q

Deciduous Teeth

A

Also, know as the primary teeth or baby teeth

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5
Q

Lateral Incisor

A

the teeth that are distal (posterior) to the central incisors on the upper and lower jaw

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6
Q

Maxilla

A

The upper jaw

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7
Q

Mandible

A

The lower jaw

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8
Q

Molar

A

Large, broad and multi-cusped teeth in the back of the mouth used for grinding and chewing food. Molars are generally the largest teeth in the mouth

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9
Q

Mixed Dentition

A

The phase in which the growing mouth contains a combination of both primary and permanent teeth

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10
Q

how many permanent teeth does a person have?

A

32

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11
Q

Posterior teeth

A

The five back teeth in any quadrant: the first and second premolars and first, second and third molars

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12
Q

Premolar

A

the two teeth directly in front of the 1st molar in any quadrant, also known as the bicuspids

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13
Q

Third Molar

A

Molars behind the 2nd molars, also known as wisdom teeth

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14
Q

Buccal

A

the facial surface of posterior teeth that faces the cheeks

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15
Q

Distal

A

the surface that faces the back of the mouth

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16
Q

Facial

A

The general term for describing the surface of any tooth that is facing either the lip or cheek

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17
Q

Incisal

A

The surface, or edge on the top of anterior teeth that is used primarily to tear and slice food

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18
Q

Labial

A

The facial surface of anterior teeth that faces the lips

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19
Q

Lingual

A

The surface of lower teeth (in the mandible) that faces the tongue

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20
Q

Mesial

A

the surface that faces toward the front (midline) of the mouth

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21
Q

Occlusal

A

The chewing surface of the posterior teeth

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22
Q

Palatal

A

the surface of upper teeth (in the maxilla) that faces the palate. Can also be referred to as lingual

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23
Q

Proximal

A

The surface of a tooth that is facing another tooth.

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24
Q

Interproximal

A

refers to the area between the two teeth

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25
Q

Apical Foramen

A

The opening of the root tip where the nerve and blood supply enter

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26
Q

Cementum

A

The material that covers the root of the tooth

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27
Q

Cemento-enamel junction

A

the area where the cementum meets the enamel

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28
Q

Dentin

A

Living, organic tissue, underneath the enamel in the crown and underneath the cementum in the root, makes up most of the body of the tooth and protects the pulp

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29
Q

Dento-enamel junction

A

The area where dentin meets enamel

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30
Q

Enamel

A

The hard, mineralized layer that has a crystal-like structure and covers and protects the tooth.
-enamel is the hardest material in the human body

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31
Q

Periodontal ligament

A

The network of thousands of tiny fibers that hold the tooth in its bony socket

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32
Q

Pulp

A

the innermost chamber of the tooth that contains the nerve, blood supply, and lymph tissue

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33
Q

Caries

A
  • Also know as decay
  • Caries occurs when minerals are leached out of the tooth due to the acidic byproducts of bacteria.
  • If left untreated, decay will destroy tooth structure and advance toward the pulp resulting in the need for either extraction or root and canal therapy
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34
Q

How many classes of Caries are there

A

6

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35
Q

What are the quadrants of the mouth?

A
  1. Upper right
  2. Top left
  3. Left bottom
  4. Bottom right
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36
Q

How many specialties of dentistry are there?

A

9

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37
Q

List the 9 specialties of dentistry

A
  1. Dental Public Health
  2. Endodontics
  3. Oral and maxillofacial radiology
  4. Oral and maxillofacial surgery
  5. Oral Pathology
  6. Orthodontics
  7. Pediatric Dentistry
  8. Periodontics
  9. Prosthodontics
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38
Q

Explain the specialty: Dentist of public health

A

Deals with the prevention and control of oral diseases in populations and the promotion of dental health through organized community efforts

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39
Q

Explain the specialty: Endodontics

A

Deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the pulp

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40
Q

Explain the specialty: Oral and maxillofacial radiology

A

Deals with creating and interpreting images produced by radiation to diagnose and manage diseases of the mouth, head, and neck

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41
Q

Explain the specialty: Oral and maxillofacial surgery

A

Deals with the treatment of diseases, injuries and defects involving teeth, bone and soft tissues in the mouth, head, and neck

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42
Q

Explain the specialty: Oral Pathology

A

Deals with the diagnosis and management of disease affecting the soft tissues and bones of the mouth, head, and neck

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43
Q

Explain the specialty: Orthodontics

A

Deals with the movement of teeth to obtain optimal bite relations and harmony between the teeth and face

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44
Q

Explain the specialty: Pediatric Dentistry

A

Deals with the treatment of infants and children, including those with special healthcare needs

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45
Q

Explain the specialty: Periodontics

A

Deals with the treatment of bone and gum diseases associated with teeth, including the placement of implants

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46
Q

Explain the specialty: Prosthodontics

A

Deals with the restoration of function, comfort, and esthetics by fixing and/or replacing natural teeth with crowns, bridges, and dentures

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47
Q

What are the features of a High-Speed Handpiece

A
  • Operates at greater than 200,000 rpm
  • Cuts easily through enamel
  • Gross reduction of tooth structure
  • Removes filling materials quickly and efficiently
  • Requires water coolant
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48
Q

What are the features of a Low-Speed Handpiece

A
  • Operators between 5,000 and 40,000 rpm
  • Added Tactile control
  • Careful Removal of Decay
  • Refining Preps
  • Polishing Restoration
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49
Q

What are some of the specifications that can be important when choosing a handpiece

A
  • Weight
  • Shape
  • Power Source (air or electricity)
  • Fiber Optic Light Source
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50
Q

What are the three major types of curing lights?

A
  • Halogen
  • LED
  • Plasma Arc
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51
Q

1 Ounce of prevention is

A

1 pound of cure

52
Q

What are the 3 Distinct phases of Prevention

A
  • Primary prevention
  • Secondary prevention
  • Tertiary prevention
53
Q

What is prophylaxis

A

Cleaning and polishing the coronal or crown surfaces of the teeth

54
Q

What is scaling and root planing

A

Prophylaxis and removal of plaque and tartar below the gingiva

55
Q

What is the purpose of Dental Sealants

A

A thin layer of light-cured composite resin or glass ionomer designed to fill pits and fissures, typically on premolars and molars

56
Q

What are the two ways fluoride is integrated into teeth

A
  • Systemically

- Topically

57
Q

What are the 6 general steps of sealant placement

A
  1. Isolate Teeth
  2. Clean Teeth
  3. Etch Teeth
  4. Apply Sealant
  5. Polymerize Sealant
  6. Check Occculison
58
Q

6 general steps of sealant placement - Explain step 1 isolate teeth

A
  • Keeps teeth dry and free of saliva

- Uses Cotton rolls or rubber dam

59
Q

6 general steps of sealant placement - Explain step 2 Clean teeth

A
  • Removes plaque and food debris

- Uses prophy cup and pumice powder on low-speed handpiece

60
Q

6 general steps of sealant placement - Explain step 3 etch teeth

A
  • Creates a roughened surface that helps retain the sealant

- Uses Acid etch gel or liquid

61
Q

6 general steps of sealant placement - Explain step 4 Apply sealant

A
  • Flows into pits and fissures and slightly onto occlusal surface
  • Uses prefilled sealant cartridges and syringe applicator
62
Q

6 general steps of sealant placement - Explain step 5 Polymerize Sealant

A
  • Hardens sealant and bonds it to teeth

- Uses a curing light

63
Q

6 general steps of sealant placement - Explain step check occlusion

A
  • Makes sure that the patient’s bite is even

- Articulating paper and high or low-speed handpiece

64
Q

What are the three ways fluoride helps teeth

A
  1. Reduces quantity of acid produced by plaque
  2. Modifies enamel chemically
  3. Remineralizes the tooth where it had been decalcified
65
Q

What is an amalgam

A

Alloy of silver, mercury, and other metals. These components are precisely measured and packaged in individual plastic capsules

66
Q

What is Composite Resin

A

A filling material available in a variety of tooth-colored shades, bonds to teeth through the use of a bonding agent. Dentists can place composites with minimal removal of tooth structure

67
Q

Composite polymerizes in what 3 ways?

A
  • Light cured (extended working time)
  • Self cured (limited working time)
  • Dual-cured (hard to access areas)
68
Q

What are the 4 steps of Cavity Preparation

A
  1. Caries Removal: Removes decay with excavators etc.
  2. Refinement of Cavity Prep: smooth cavity walls and remove weak tooth structure. Instruments used hatchets, chisels, and margin trimmers
  3. Filling Cavity Prep: Transport filling material using composite and amalgam carriers and packing filling material in place using pluggers
  4. Shaping filling material: Smooth filling material and adapt it closely to edges or restoration using burnishers, ball, football, acorn. then shape and sculpt the filling material into the desired form using carvers, cleoid, discoid, hollenback, interproximal
69
Q

What are the 3 types of composite resin

A
  1. Microhybrid
  2. Microfill
  3. Universal
70
Q

Explain the characteristics of microhybrid resin

A
  • Large relative particle size
  • Strength is the benefit
  • Used for posterior
71
Q

Explain the characteristics of Microfill resin

A
  • Small relative particle size
  • Benefits: polishability and Flexibility
  • Used for Anterior and posterior
72
Q

Explain the characteristics of universal resin

A
  • Large relative particle size
  • Benefits: Strenght and polishability
  • Used for posterior and anterior
73
Q

What do surgeons keep in mind when selecting a Suture material

A
  • Ease of use
  • Strength
  • Resorbable/non-resorbable
74
Q

Teeth, bone, and soft tissues can be destroyed by

A
  • Decay
  • Periodontal Disease
  • Trauma
  • Cancer
75
Q

What are implants

A

Small posts of biocompatible material that replace the roots of teeth and serve as anchors for crowns, bridges, and dentures. After placement, they are completely covered by the gingiva and allowed to integrate with the surrounding bone

76
Q

What are the 7 steps to the Tooth Extraction Procedure

A
  1. Injection - Anesthetize surgical site
  2. Gingival Separation - Separate gum from tooth
  3. Luxation - Loosen tooth
  4. Extraction - Remove tooth
  5. Curetting - Remove diseased soft tissue
  6. Suturing - Close wound
  7. Applying Pressure - control bleeding
77
Q

Cosmetic Procedures improve

A
  • Size and shape of teeth
  • Orientation
  • Position
  • Color
78
Q

What are the 3 components of color

A
  • Hue: name of color
  • Chroma: Saturation or quantity of a hue
  • Value: Brightness level
79
Q

Self-etching primers contain (single bottle)

A
  • Etch
  • Primer
  • Bonding agent
80
Q

List examples of indirect restorations

A
  • Veneers
  • Inlays
  • Onlays
  • Crowns
81
Q

Cosmetic Dentistry: List examples of size and shape problems

A
  • Large and small teeth
  • Malformed Teeth
  • Warn (aged) teeth
  • Chipped and fractured teeth
82
Q

Cosmetic Dentistry: list examples of Position problems

A
  • Flared teeth
  • Crowding and spacing
  • midline discrepancy
  • Overjet and over bite
83
Q

Cosmetic Dentistry: List examples of color problems

A
  • Tetracycline discoloration
  • Endodontic discoloration
  • Fluorosis
  • Dark (aged) teeth & white spots
84
Q

Periodontitis

A
  • Infection caused by plaque

- Major cause of tooth loss

85
Q

periodontists and their training

A

Students receive training in:

  • Anatomy
  • Physiology
  • Pathology
  • Diagnosis and treatment of periodontal disease
86
Q

Gingivitis

A

the initial stage of periodontitis and manifests itself as inflamed gums

87
Q

list some non-surgical periodontal therapy instruments

A
  • Curette
  • Explorer
  • Hoe, Chisel, and file scaler
  • Periodontal probe
  • Polishing Instruments
  • Sickle Scaler
  • Ultrasonic and sonic scaler
88
Q

What is a curette

A
  • An instrument that removes subgingival calculus

- Also useful for root planing and removing soft tissue from the periodontal pocket

89
Q

What is an explorer

A
  • Instrument that locates calculus deposits and decay
  • Dentist rely on their tactile sensitivity (vibrations indicating roughness are transmitted through the instrument to the dentists’ fingers)
90
Q

What is a hoe, chisel, and file scaler

A

-Instruments that remove tightly bound subgingival calculus

91
Q

What is a periodontal probe

A

-An instrument that measures depth of pocket between gingiva and tooth

92
Q

What is the function or use of a polishing instrument

A

Cleans and polishes tooth surfaces, these instruments include rubber cups and bristle brushes

93
Q

What is a sickle scaler

A

An instrument that removes supragingival calculus

94
Q

What is an ultrasonic and sonic scaler

A

removes calculus and plaque from the teeth and soft tissue from the periodontal pocket. Can be used with antimicrobial irrigation

95
Q

List examples of Surgical periodontal therapy instruments

A
  • Electrosurgical instruments
  • Gingivectomy Knife
  • Hemostat
  • Interdental Knife
  • Periosteal Elevator
  • Scalpel Blades - e.g., #12D, 15, and 15C
  • Scissor and Nipper
  • Surgical Chisel and hoe
  • Surgical curette and sickle
  • surgical file
  • Tissue forceps
96
Q

What is the function or use of electrosurgical instruments

A
  • Incises
  • Excises
  • Coagulates soft tissue
97
Q

What is the function or use of a Gingivectomy knife

A

Incises gingiva

98
Q

What is the function or use of a Hemostat

A

Clams cut blood vessels to reduce bleeding

99
Q

What is the function or use of an interdental knife

A

Incises interdental gingiva

100
Q

What is the function or use of periosteal elevator

A

raises the soft tissue with periosteum from the bone

101
Q

What is the function or use of Scalpel blades

A

Incises soft tissue

102
Q

What is the function or use of a scissor and nipper

A

Removes pieces of soft tissue

103
Q

What is the function or use of a surgical chisel and hoe

A

Removes and sculpts bone

104
Q

What is the function or use of Surgical curette and sickle

A

Removes soft tissue and calculus deposits

105
Q

What is the function or use of a surgical file

A

Smoothes rough surfaces of bone

106
Q

What is the function or use of tissue forceps

A

Grasps soft tissue flaps and grafts allowing them to be moved to the desired location

107
Q

orthodontic examination includes

A
  • Clinical and radiographic observations
  • Study model analysis
  • photographic evaluation of the teeth
108
Q

Panoramic Films can

A
  • reveal impacted and erupting teeth
  • incomplete Root Formation
  • Insufficient bone support
109
Q

Cephalometric films show

A
  • Facial contour
  • Angulation of the anterior teeth
  • Relationship of the jaws to each other and skull
110
Q

In addition to angle classification system, other terms have been used to describe malocclusion including

A
  • Spacing
  • Crossbite
  • Overjet and overbite
  • Open bite
111
Q

What are two examples of removable appliances (ortho)

A
  • Schwarz Expander: Crossbite correction

- Hawley Retainer: May be used to hold teeth in place

112
Q

What are the 3 types of wire and band manipulating instruments

A
  • Pilers
  • Cutters
  • Bracket and Band instruments
113
Q

List some examples of pilers (ortho instruments)

A
  • Tie pliers
  • Elastomeric Pliers
  • Bird Beak Pliers
  • Cone Socket Pliers
114
Q

List 3 examples of cutters (ortho instruments)

A
  • Straight Wire Cutter
  • Pin and Ligature Cutter
  • Universal Cut and hold distal end cutter
115
Q

List the 5 bracket and band instruments (ortho instruments)

A
  • Bracket forceps
  • Band pusher
  • Band biter
  • Bracket Remover
  • Band Remover
116
Q

Prosthodontics encompasses

A
  • Fixed prosthodontics
  • Removable
  • Implant
  • Maxillofacial Prosthodontics
117
Q

What is fixed prosthodontics

A

-Cementing or bonding laboratory-made crowns and bridges to natural teeth

118
Q

Crowns and bridges can be made out of

A
  • gold
  • Base metal alloys
  • porcelain
  • porcelain Fused-to-metal (PFM)
119
Q

What is a fixed bridge

A

A cemented replacement for a missing tooth or teeth.

120
Q

Removable prosthodontics

A

The replacement of teeth with prosthetics that can be placed in and removed from the mouth by the patient.
ex. full and partial dentures

121
Q

What are the key characteristics of impression materials

A

-Dimensional stability over extended time periods allows impressions to be shipped to the lab without concern about distortion of the impression.
-The light body impression material adheres well to the preparation so it will not drip off before the impression tray is seated.
-The impression material is hydrophilic or “water loving” which allows moisture to be displaced from the preparation.
-The impression material can be disinfected with no concern about distortion due to chemical reactions between the material and disinfectant.
-Enhanced flow characteristics allow the impression material to easily cover all areas of interest before setting.
-High tear strength allows the impression to be removed after it has set with
minimal distortion of the impression or irritation to the soft tissues.

122
Q

What are the 5 impression material classes

A
  • Alginate
  • Polyether
  • Vinyl Polysiloxane
  • Rubber base
  • Hydrocolloid
123
Q

What are the selected primary uses for the alginate (impression) material class

A
  • Preliminary impressions for full dentures
  • Orthodontic study model impressions
  • Restorative study model impressions
  • Opposing casts for placing for articulating in restorative cases
  • Making trays for tooth whitening
124
Q

What (impression) material classes are used for crowns, bridges, and dentures

A
  • Polyether
  • Vinyl Polysiloxane
  • Rubber Base
  • Hydrocolloid
125
Q

Associated Equipment and Materials for Impressions

A
  • Trays
  • Plastic – Disposable
  • Water Cooled – Used with hydrocolloid impression material
  • Metal
  • Bite Trays
  • Tray Adhesive – makes impression material stick to tray
  • Mixing Pads, Slabs, and Bowls
  • Mixing Spatulas
  • Syringe for injecting light-bodied impression material
  • Automatic impression material mixing machine
126
Q

Dental Instruments are labeled based on their risk of infection what are the 3 labels

A
  • Critical - Scalers, Scalpels, Endodontic Files
  • Semi-Critical - Mouth mirrors, impression trays, and handpieces
  • Non-Critical - Blood pressure cuffs and stethoscopes
127
Q

What are the 3 forms of Heat sterilization

A
  • Steam under pressure (Autoclave)
  • Dry heat
  • Chemical vapor

Henry Schein (20 decks)

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