Adrenal Hormones Flashcards
Which part of the adrenal gland secretes adrenocorticosteroids and adrenal androgens?
a. Medulla
b. Cortex
c. Inner layer
d. Middle layer
The correct answer is: b. Cortex
Which part of the adrenal gland secretes epinephrine?
a. Cortex
b. Outer layer
c. Medulla
d. Middle layer
The correct answer is: c. Medulla
The adrenal cortex is divided into how many zones?
a. Two
b. Three
c. Four
d. Five
The correct answer is: b. Three
What is the source of steroids synthesized by the adrenal cortex?
a. Proteins
b. Lipids
c. Cholesterol
d. Carbohydrates
The correct answer is: c. Cholesterol
Which layer of the adrenal cortex produces mineralocorticoids?
a. Outer layer
b. Middle layer
c. Inner layer
d. All layers
The correct answer is: a. Outer layer
What is an example of a mineralocorticoid produced by the outer layer of the adrenal cortex?
a. Cortisol
b. Aldosterone
c. Epinephrine
d. Dehydroepiandrosterone
The correct answer is: b. Aldosterone
Which layer of the adrenal cortex synthesizes glucocorticoids?
a. Outer layer
b. Middle layer
c. Inner layer
d. All layers
The correct answer is: b. Middle layer
What is an example of a glucocorticoid synthesized by the middle layer of the adrenal cortex?
a. Cortisol
b. Aldosterone
c. Epinephrine
d. Dehydroepiandrosterone
The correct answer is: a. Cortisol
Which layer of the adrenal cortex secretes adrenal androgens?
a. Outer layer
b. Middle layer
c. Inner layer
d. All layers
The correct answer is: c. Inner layer
What is an example of an adrenal androgen secreted by the inner layer of the adrenal cortex?
a. Cortisol
b. Aldosterone
c. Epinephrine
d. Dehydroepiandrosterone
The correct answer is: d. Dehydroepiandrosterone
Which zones of the adrenal cortex are controlled by pituitary ACTH?
a. Only the outer layer
b. The middle layer only
c. The inner layer only
d. The two inner zones and, to some extent, the outer zone
The correct answer is: d. The two inner zones and, to some extent, the outer zone
What role do glucocorticoids play in the feedback mechanism of hormone secretion?
a. They promote ACTH and CRH secretion.
b. They inhibit ACTH and CRH secretion.
c. They have no effect on ACTH and CRH secretion.
d. They increase cholesterol synthesis.
The correct answer is: b. They inhibit ACTH and CRH secretion.
Hormones of the adrenal cortex are used in all of the following EXCEPT:
a. Replacement therapy
b. Treatment of asthma
c. Treatment of severe allergic reactions
d. Treatment of bacterial infections
The correct answer is: d. Treatment of bacterial infections
In what condition are hormones of the adrenal cortex used as replacement therapy?
a. Asthma
b. Rheumatoid arthritis
c. Adrenal insufficiency
d. Severe allergic reactions
The correct answer is: c. Adrenal insufficiency
Which of the following inflammatory diseases can be treated with hormones of the adrenal cortex?
a. Diabetes
b. Asthma
c. Hypertension
d. Osteoporosis
The correct answer is: b. Asthma
Which hormone is used in the treatment of severe allergic reactions?
a. Insulin
b. Glucocorticoids
c. Thyroxine
d. Growth hormone
The correct answer is: b. Glucocorticoids
Hormones of the adrenal cortex are used in the treatment of some cancers.
a. True
b. False
The correct answer is: a. True
Adrenocorticoids bind to specific intracellular cytoplasmic receptors in which type of tissues?
a. Muscle tissues
b. Target tissues
c. Bone tissues
d. Nerve tissues
The correct answer is: b. Target tissues
The glucocorticoid receptor is widely distributed throughout the body, whereas the mineralocorticoid receptor is confined mainly to which type of organs?
a. Excretory organs
b. Digestive organs
c. Reproductive organs
d. Sensory organs
The correct answer is: a. Excretory organs
Which organs are examples of those containing mineralocorticoid receptors?
a. Heart and lungs
b. Kidney and colon
c. Liver and pancreas
d. Brain and spinal cord
The correct answer is: b. Kidney and colon
Which glands contain mineralocorticoid receptors?
a. Thyroid and parathyroid glands
b. Salivary and sweat glands
c. Adrenal and pituitary glands
d. Pineal and thymus glands
The correct answer is: b. Salivary and sweat glands
Compared to mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids have what spectrum of activity?
a. Narrower spectrum
b. Wider spectrum
c. Same spectrum
d. No spectrum
The correct answer is: b. Wider spectrum
Which hormone is the principal glucocorticoid?
a. Aldosterone
b. Epinephrine
c. Cortisol
d. Dehydroepiandrosterone
The correct answer is: c. Cortisol
Glucocorticoid production is diurnal with a peak occurring when?
a. Early in the morning
b. Late in the evening
c. Midday
d. Midnight
The correct answer is: a. Early in the morning